Behçet's disease pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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*Genetic anticipation: earlier age of onset of disease in children of pateints with behcet disease.<ref name="pmid9536823">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fresko I, Soy M, Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Yavuz S, Tümer Z, Yazici H |title=Genetic anticipation in Behçet's syndrome |journal=Ann. Rheum. Dis. |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=45–8 |date=January 1998 |pmid=9536823 |pmc=1752455 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Genetic anticipation: earlier age of onset of disease in children of pateints with behcet disease.<ref name="pmid9536823">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fresko I, Soy M, Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Yavuz S, Tümer Z, Yazici H |title=Genetic anticipation in Behçet's syndrome |journal=Ann. Rheum. Dis. |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=45–8 |date=January 1998 |pmid=9536823 |pmc=1752455 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Some studies shows that major histocompatibility complex class I chain related gene A (MICA) A6 allele is related to behcet disease. <ref name="pmid27284416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wei F, Zhang YU, Li W |title=A meta-analysis of the association between Behçet's disease and MICA-A6 |journal=Biomed Rep |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=741–745 |date=June 2016 |pmid=27284416 |pmc=4887777 |doi=10.3892/br.2016.644 |url=}}</ref>
*Some studies shows that major histocompatibility complex class I chain related gene A (MICA) A6 allele is related to behcet disease. <ref name="pmid27284416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wei F, Zhang YU, Li W |title=A meta-analysis of the association between Behçet's disease and MICA-A6 |journal=Biomed Rep |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=741–745 |date=June 2016 |pmid=27284416 |pmc=4887777 |doi=10.3892/br.2016.644 |url=}}</ref>
*Non-HLA genes als have roles in behcet diesease. They include: <ref name="pmid12632436">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ahmad T, Wallace GR, James T, Neville M, Bunce M, Mulcahy-Hawes K, Armuzzi A, Crawshaw J, Fortune F, Walton R, Stanford MR, Welsh KI, Marshall SE, Jewell DP |title=Mapping the HLA association in Behçet's disease: a role for tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms? |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=807–13 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12632436 |doi=10.1002/art.10815 |url=}}</ref>
*Non-HLA genes als have roles in behcet diesease. They include: <ref name="pmid12632436">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ahmad T, Wallace GR, James T, Neville M, Bunce M, Mulcahy-Hawes K, Armuzzi A, Crawshaw J, Fortune F, Walton R, Stanford MR, Welsh KI, Marshall SE, Jewell DP |title=Mapping the HLA association in Behçet's disease: a role for tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms? |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=807–13 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12632436 |doi=10.1002/art.10815 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11060788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sakane T, Takeno M |title=Novel approaches to Behçet's disease |journal=Expert Opin Investig Drugs |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=1993–2005 |date=September 2000 |pmid=11060788 |doi=10.1517/13543784.9.9.1993 |url=}}</ref>
**Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 gene
**Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 gene
**The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene
**The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene
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==Gross Pathology==
==Gross Pathology==
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
<figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline>[[File:Behcet's syndrome 11.jpeg|502x502px]]</figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline>
<figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline>[[File:Behcet's syndrome 11.jpeg|502x502px]]</figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline>


==Microscopic Pathology==
==Microscopic Pathology==

Revision as of 16:07, 22 March 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]


Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR


[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

  • The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

  • It is understood that behcet disease is the result of vasculitis. It involves all sizes of blood vessels ( small, medium, and large). Arteries and venis are both involved in behcet disease. Major mechanisms in pathogenesis of behcet disease include:
    • Polygenic
  • s with other autoimmune diseases, the disorder may represent aberrant immune activity triggered by exposure to an agent, perhaps infectious, in patients with a genetic predisposition to develop the disease. Major disease mechanisms in Behçet syndrome include the following 
  • [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
  • Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
  • [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
  • The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
  • The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Genetics

  • [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
  • Genes involved in the pathogenesis of behcet disease include human leukocyte antigens, particularly HLA-B51. [1]
  • Familial cases of behcet disease have higher rates of HLA-B51 in compare to sporadic cases.[2]
  • Genetic anticipation: earlier age of onset of disease in children of pateints with behcet disease.[3]
  • Some studies shows that major histocompatibility complex class I chain related gene A (MICA) A6 allele is related to behcet disease. [4]
  • Non-HLA genes als have roles in behcet diesease. They include: [5][6]
    • Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 gene
    • The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene
    • TNF genes
    • The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene
    • Manganese superoxide dismutase gene
    • Cytochrome P450 gene
    • Interleukin (IL)-10 gene
    • The IL-23 receptor gene
  •  Non-HLA genes also play a role in determining susceptibility to disease. Genome-wide screening of affected families with more than one affected member has identified additional, non-HLA regions of potential interest [44]. Examples include associations between Behçet syndrome and:
  • The development of behcet disease is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Associated Conditions

Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

<figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline>

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].


References

  1. de Menthon M, Lavalley MP, Maldini C, Guillevin L, Mahr A (October 2009). "HLA-B51/B5 and the risk of Behçet's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control genetic association studies". Arthritis Rheum. 61 (10): 1287–96. doi:10.1002/art.24642. PMC 3867978. PMID 19790126.
  2. Akpolat T, Koç Y, Yeniay I, Akpek G, Güllü I, Kansu E, Kiraz S, Ersoy F, Batman F, Kansu T (November 1992). "Familial Behçet's disease". Eur J Med. 1 (7): 391–5. PMID 1341477.
  3. Fresko I, Soy M, Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Yavuz S, Tümer Z, Yazici H (January 1998). "Genetic anticipation in Behçet's syndrome". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 57 (1): 45–8. PMC 1752455. PMID 9536823.
  4. Wei F, Zhang YU, Li W (June 2016). "A meta-analysis of the association between Behçet's disease and MICA-A6". Biomed Rep. 4 (6): 741–745. doi:10.3892/br.2016.644. PMC 4887777. PMID 27284416.
  5. Ahmad T, Wallace GR, James T, Neville M, Bunce M, Mulcahy-Hawes K, Armuzzi A, Crawshaw J, Fortune F, Walton R, Stanford MR, Welsh KI, Marshall SE, Jewell DP (March 2003). "Mapping the HLA association in Behçet's disease: a role for tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms?". Arthritis Rheum. 48 (3): 807–13. doi:10.1002/art.10815. PMID 12632436.
  6. Sakane T, Takeno M (September 2000). "Novel approaches to Behçet's disease". Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 9 (9): 1993–2005. doi:10.1517/13543784.9.9.1993. PMID 11060788.

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