Bacterial pneumonia laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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*should be obtained when patient presents with a productive cough | *should be obtained when patient presents with a productive cough | ||
===Polymerase Chain Reaction=== | ===Polymerase Chain Reaction=== | ||
Revision as of 10:46, 8 January 2022
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz
Overview
Patients infected with bacterial pneumonia present with a high leukocyte count as well as elevated inflammatory biomarkers. Blood cultures can help with a definitive diagnosis and aid in the selection of antibiotics.
Routine Lab Tests
CBC
- RBC: Anemia
- WBC: significant leukocytosis (with left shift), leukopenia may present in cases of atypical pneumonia
- Platelets: Thrombocytopenia
Electrolytes
- Hyponatremia (in cases of Legionella)
Inflammatory biomarkers
- ESR: elevated
- C-reactive protein: elevated
RFTs
- BUN: elevated
Arterial Blood Gas
- Hypoxia
- Respiratory acidosis
Pulse oximetry
- < 92% indicates severe hypoxia
Blood Culture
- samples should be taken before administering antibiotics
Other Lab Tests
Gram staining
- may assist in determining the underlying bacteria
Sputum samples
- should be obtained when patient presents with a productive cough
Polymerase Chain Reaction
- provides sensitive and rapid results[2]
Urine Antigen
- used to detect 'Legionella[3]
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- Especially helpful in determining the presence of bacterial pneumonia in non-immunocompromised and mechanically ventilated patients[4]
References
- ↑ "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 30020693.
- ↑ Aydemir O, Aydemir Y, Ozdemir M (2014). "The role of multiplex PCR test in identification of bacterial pathogens in lower respiratory tract infections". Pak J Med Sci. 30 (5): 1011–6. doi:10.12669/pjms.305.5098. PMC 4163223. PMID 25225517.
- ↑ Couturier MR, Graf EH, Griffin AT (2014). "Urine antigen tests for the diagnosis of respiratory infections: legionellosis, histoplasmosis, pneumococcal pneumonia". Clin Lab Med. 34 (2): 219–36. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2014.02.002. PMID 24856525.
- ↑ Sanchez Nieto JM, Carillo Alcaraz A (1995). "The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 14 (10): 839–50. doi:10.1007/BF01691489. PMC 7102128 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 8605896.