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==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Bacillary angiomatosis''' (BA) is a bacterial infection caused by either ''[[Bartonella henselae]]'' or ''[[Bartonella quintana]]''. ''Bartonella henselae'' is most often transmitted through a cat scratch or bite, though ticks and fleas may also act as a vector. On the other hand, ''Bartonella quintana'' is usually transmitted by lice.  
'''Bacillary angiomatosis''' (BA) is a [[bacterial infection]] caused by either ''[[Bartonella henselae]]'' or ''[[Bartonella quintana]]''. ''Bartonella henselae'' is most often transmitted through a cat scratch or bite, though [[ticks]] and [[fleas]] may also act as a [[vector]]. On the other hand, ''Bartonella quintana'' is usually transmitted by [[lice]].
 
==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
Bacillary angiomatosis is characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels, resulting in them forming tumor-like masses in the skin and other organs. It most commonly manifests in people with [[AIDS]], rarely appearing in those who are immunocompetent.  While curable, it is potentially fatal if not treated.  
Bacillary angiomatosis is characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels, resulting in them forming tumor-like masses in the skin and other organs. It most commonly manifests in people with [[AIDS]], rarely appearing in those who are immunocompetent.  While curable, it is potentially fatal if not treated.  

Revision as of 18:03, 12 November 2012

Bacillary angiomatosis
ICD-10 A44.8 (ILDS A44.85), B20.1 (ILDS B20.11)
ICD-9 088.0
DiseasesDB 2173
MeSH D016917

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a bacterial infection caused by either Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana. Bartonella henselae is most often transmitted through a cat scratch or bite, though ticks and fleas may also act as a vector. On the other hand, Bartonella quintana is usually transmitted by lice.

Pathophysiology

Bacillary angiomatosis is characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels, resulting in them forming tumor-like masses in the skin and other organs. It most commonly manifests in people with AIDS, rarely appearing in those who are immunocompetent. While curable, it is potentially fatal if not treated.

Symptoms

Cutaneous BA is characterized by the presence of lesions on or under the skin. Appearing in numbers from one to hundreds, these lesions may take several forms:

While cutaneous BA is the most common form of BA, BA can also affect several other parts of the body, such as the brain, bone, bone marrow, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, spleen and liver. Symptoms vary depending on which parts of the body are affected; for example, those whose livers are affected may have an enlarged liver and fever, while those with osseous BA will experience intense pain in the affected area.

Medical Therapy

Pharmacotherapy

BA responds dramatically to several antibiotics. Usually, erythromycin will cause the skin lesions to gradually fade away in the next four weeks, resulting in complete recovery. Doxycycline may also be used. However, if the infection does not respond to either of these, the medication is usually changed to tetracycline. If the infection is serious, then a bactericidal medication may be coupled with the antibiotics.

Prevention

If a cat is carrying Bartonella henselae, then it may not exhibit any symptoms. Cats may be bacteremic for weeks to years, but infection is more common in young cats. Transmission to humans is thought to occur via flea feces inoculated into a cat scratch or bite, and transmission between cats occurs only in the presence of fleas. Therefore, elimination and control of fleas in the cat's environment are key to prevention of infection in both cats and humans.

Related Chapters

External links

  • Gasquet S, Maurin M, Brouqui P, Lepidi H, Raoult D (1998). "Bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised patients". AIDS. 12 (14): 1793–803. PMID 9792380.

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