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==Overview==
 
The prognosis is usually good for individuals will regularly functioning immune systems and proper treatment. Severe illness is commonly associated with individuals with weaker immune systems including young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. The reason for this heightened level of illness severity is, most likely, directly correlated with heightened levels of parasitemia in blood. Thus it is important for individuals within these populations to receive swift and proper treatment. Babesiosis may remain asymptomatic or manifest into a sever illness. Asymptomatic populations will not recognize any obvious signs or symptoms commonly associated with a babesiosis infection. Symptomatic populations will undergo an incubation period between 1-6 weeks prior to experiencing non-specific flu-like symptoms, or in severe cases, malaria-like symptoms. Further complications may include heart problems, [[low blood pressure]],[[kidney failure]], severe breathing problems, and severe hemolytic anemia ([[hemolysis]]).  


==Natural History==
==Natural History==
Babesiosis causes a disease very similar to [[Malaria]]. In mild cases, people may experience mild [[fevers]] and [[anemia]]. In more severe cases, fevers go up to 105 degrees with shaking chills, and anemia ([[hemolytic anemia]]) can become severe.  Organ failure may follow including [[adult respiratory distress syndrome]].
Progression of a babesiosis infection may present itself in a variety of clinical manifestations. The severity of these clinical manifestations are potentially a direct reflection of blood parasitemia levels in the blood.
 
===Asymptomatic===
 
====Early Stage====
*Chronic infection within asymptomatic populations remain within the incubation stage.
 
====Late Stage====
*There are no further clinical manifestations
 
====Further development if left untreated====
*Clinical manifestations may occur as an asymptomatic patient becomes immuno-compromised or naturally ages.
 
===Symptomatic===
 
====Early Stage====
*Incubation period of 1-6 weeks, however may incubate as long as 3 months.
*Clinical manifestations will present themselves as non-specific flu like symptoms.  
*Common symptoms will include fever, headache, muscle aches, and pain.
*Severe illness may occur in older and immuno compromised populations. Severe illness will present itself as malaria-like.  
*Symptoms associated with a severe infection include nausea, emesis, night sweats, and anorexia.
 
====Late Stage====
*Severe hemolysis may lead to jaundice.
*Other complications include a Shock-like state, renal failure, and pulmonary edema.
 
====Further development if left untreated====
*Heightened levels of parasitemia in blood.
*Severe anemia, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and eventually death.


==Complications==
==Complications==
Babesiosis can be a very severe illness with complications including:
Babesiosis can be a very severe illness with complications including:<ref name="Babesiosis CDC”">Babesiosis Disease. For Health Professionals. Center for Disease Control and Prevention(2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/disease.htmlAccessed December 8, 2015.</ref>
* [[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
*[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
* Heart problems
*Heart problems
* [[Low blood pressure]]
*[[Low blood pressure]]
* [[Kidney failure]]
*[[Kidney failure]]
* Severe breathing problems
*Severe breathing problems
*Severe hemolytic anemia ([[hemolysis]])
*A very low platelet count ([[thrombocytopenia]])
*Disseminated intravascular condition ([[DIC]])
*Jaundice
*Hemoglobinuria


==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
*The prognosis is usually good for individuals with normally functioning immune systems and proper treatment.
*Clinical manifestations with occur and become more severe as parasitemia levels heighten in blood.
*Severe illness (heightened levels of parasitemia) may be fatal and must therefore be closely monitored in young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems. 


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
[[Category:Apicomplexa]]
[[Category:Apicomplexa]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]

Latest revision as of 17:05, 18 September 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.

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Overview

The prognosis is usually good for individuals will regularly functioning immune systems and proper treatment. Severe illness is commonly associated with individuals with weaker immune systems including young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. The reason for this heightened level of illness severity is, most likely, directly correlated with heightened levels of parasitemia in blood. Thus it is important for individuals within these populations to receive swift and proper treatment. Babesiosis may remain asymptomatic or manifest into a sever illness. Asymptomatic populations will not recognize any obvious signs or symptoms commonly associated with a babesiosis infection. Symptomatic populations will undergo an incubation period between 1-6 weeks prior to experiencing non-specific flu-like symptoms, or in severe cases, malaria-like symptoms. Further complications may include heart problems, low blood pressure,kidney failure, severe breathing problems, and severe hemolytic anemia (hemolysis).

Natural History

Progression of a babesiosis infection may present itself in a variety of clinical manifestations. The severity of these clinical manifestations are potentially a direct reflection of blood parasitemia levels in the blood.

Asymptomatic

Early Stage

  • Chronic infection within asymptomatic populations remain within the incubation stage.

Late Stage

  • There are no further clinical manifestations

Further development if left untreated

  • Clinical manifestations may occur as an asymptomatic patient becomes immuno-compromised or naturally ages.

Symptomatic

Early Stage

  • Incubation period of 1-6 weeks, however may incubate as long as 3 months.
  • Clinical manifestations will present themselves as non-specific flu like symptoms.
  • Common symptoms will include fever, headache, muscle aches, and pain.
  • Severe illness may occur in older and immuno compromised populations. Severe illness will present itself as malaria-like.
  • Symptoms associated with a severe infection include nausea, emesis, night sweats, and anorexia.

Late Stage

  • Severe hemolysis may lead to jaundice.
  • Other complications include a Shock-like state, renal failure, and pulmonary edema.

Further development if left untreated

  • Heightened levels of parasitemia in blood.
  • Severe anemia, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and eventually death.

Complications

Babesiosis can be a very severe illness with complications including:[1]

Prognosis

  • The prognosis is usually good for individuals with normally functioning immune systems and proper treatment.
  • Clinical manifestations with occur and become more severe as parasitemia levels heighten in blood.
  • Severe illness (heightened levels of parasitemia) may be fatal and must therefore be closely monitored in young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems.

References

  1. Babesiosis Disease. For Health Professionals. Center for Disease Control and Prevention(2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/disease.htmlAccessed December 8, 2015.