Babesiosis differential diagnosis
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Overview
Babesiosis must be differentiated from other tick-borne diseases that cause fever, soreness, and rash, such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, and Colorado tick fever.
Differentiating Babesiosis from other Diseases
Babesiosis may commonly be misdiagnosed as the following diseases:
- Lyme disease
- Malaria
- Colorado tick fever
- Anaplasmosis
- Ehrlichiosis
- Bartonellosis
- Rickettsiosis
- Taluremia
- Q fever
- Leptospirosis
Differentiating Babesiosis from other tick-borne Diseases
The following are tables differentiating tick-borne illnesses, categorized according to an underlying bacterial, viral, or protozoan infection:
Bacterial
| Disease | Organism | Vector | Endemic Regions | Symptoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borreliosis (Lyme Disease) | Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (bacterium) | Deer Tick (Ixodes scapularis, I. pacificus, I. ricinus, I. persulcatus) | North America, Europe, and Asia | Flu-like illness, fatigue, fever, arthritis, neuroborreliosis, cranial nerve palsy, carditis and erythema migrans. | Antibiotics (Doxycycline- if not pregnant.
or Amoxicillin if pregnant) |
| Relapsing Fever | Borrelia Species; Borrelia hermsii, Borellia Parkeri, Borellia duttoni, Borrelia miyamotoi | Ornithodoros species | Spain, Saudi Arabia, Asia, Africa, Canada, and Western United States | Consistently documented high fevers, flu-like illness, headaches, muscular soreness or joint pain, altered mental state, painful urination, rash, and rigors. | Antibiotics (Doxycycline, Tetracycline, or Erythromycin**) |
| Typhus (Diseases associated with the transfer of Rickettsia Bacteria as listed below) | |||||
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever | Rickettsia Rickettsii | Wood Tick (Dermacentor Variabilis), D. andersoni | United States: East and Southwest | Fever, alterations in mental state, myalgia, rash, and headaches. | Antibiotics- Doxycycline or Tetracycline. |
| Helvetica Spotted Fever | Rickettsia Helvetica | Ixodes Ricinus (European) | Europe: Sweden, Switzerland, France and Laos | Rash: spotted, red dots. Respiratory issues, muscle pain, and headaches. | Antibiotics- broad-spectrum therapy and phenoxymethylpenicillin. |
| Ehrlichiosis Anaplasmosis | Ehrlichia Chaffeensis, E. Equi | Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma Americanum), Ixodes Scapularis | United States: South Atlantic and South-central | ||
| Tularemia | Francisella Tularensis | D. Andersoni, D. Variabilis | United States: Found widespread throughout the region, including higher populations in the Southeast, South-central, and the West. | ||
Primary method of treatment**
Viral
| Disease | Organism | Vector | Endemic Regions | Symptoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tick-borne Meningoencephalitis | TBEV virus | Ixodes Scapularis, I. Ricinus, I.persulcatus | Europe and Northern Asia | ||
| Colorado Tick Fever | CTF virus | Dermacentor andersoni | Western United States | ||
| Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever | CCHF virus | Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa | South Asia, North Africa, Southern Europe | ||
| Severe Febrile Illness | Heartland Virus | Lone Star Tick (amblyomma americanum) | Missouri and Tennessee (United States) |
Protozoan
| Disease | Organism | Vector | Endemic Regions | Symptoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesiosis | Babesia microti, B divergens, B.equi | Ixodes Scapularis, I. pacificus | Primarily the Northeastern United States, parts of Europe and Asia. | Non-specific flu like symptoms. | Atovaquone combined with Azithromycin or Clindamycin combined with Quinine. |