Autoimmune pancreatitis historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Iqra Qamar M.D.[2]Feham Tariq, MD [3]

Overview

The concept of pancreas and pancreatic duct was first described by Johannes Wirsung of Padua in 1642. In 1761, Giovanni Morgagni described the clinical syndrome of severe upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and collapse. He is also credited with the earliest pathological recognition of cancer of the pancreas. In 1948, Eliason and Welty described distal pancreatectomy (DP). In 1980, Beger described duodenal-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) technique for chronic pancreatitis to decrease the morbidity of pancreatic head resection. In 1961, Sarles proposed autoimmunity as a pathogenetic mechanism of pancreatitis. In 1995, Yoshida proposed the term "autoimmune pancreatitis" for the first time. Autoimmune pancreatitis is also known as primary inflammatory pancreatitis, lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis, pseudotumorous pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis with irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct, idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, and nonalcoholic duct destructive chronic pancreatitis. In 2009, the two types of autoimmune pancreatitis were first identified such as type 1 (lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis) and type 2 (idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis).

Historical Perspective

The historical landmarks in the diagnostic evaluation and management of acute pancreatitis are as follows:[1] [2]

  • In 1642, Johannes Wirsung of Padua first described the pancreatic duct and the concept of the pancreas as a secretory organ.
  • In 1737, Giovanni Santorini of Venice identified a second, accessory duct and was credited with primacy in the discovery of the ampulla of Vater.
  • In 1887, Rugero Oddi published his observations of the structure and function of the choledochal sphincter in Archives Italiennes de Biologie that laid the basis for understanding its role in pancreatic and biliary disease.
  • In the 16th century, Sylvius Franciscus de la Boe Sylvius found that the pancreas discharged a fluid that mixed with the partly digested food and bile in the intestine causing an effervescence ("effervescentia intestinalis") which liquefied food.
  • In the 16th century, Regnier de Graaf of Delft devised novel surgical techniques to create pancreatic fistulas (center) to collect this juice for analysis.
  • In 1652, Nicholaes Tulp of Amsterdam is credited with the first description of acute pancreatitis.
  • In 1761, Giovanni Morgagni described the clinical syndrome of severe upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and collapse (acute pancreatitis). He is also credited with the earliest pathological recognition of cancer of the pancreas.
  • In 1652, Nicholaes Tulp was credited with the first description of acute pancreatitis.
  • In 1842, Karl von Rokitansky, the premier pathologist of Vienna (Wiener Allgemeines Krankenhaus) was the first one to recognize acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
  • In late 18th century, Reginald Fitz described 3 forms of acute pancreatitis (hemorrhagic, suppurative, and gangrenous) and proposed that fat necrosis was a sequel of severe pancreatitis.
  • In late 18th century, Nicholas Senn of Chicago, not only addressed the mechanism of acute pancreatitis but also provided rational insight into the validity of surgical techniques for its treatment.
  • In 1946, Whipple described classic pancreaticoduodenectomy for chronic pancreatitis.[3]
  • In 1961, Sarles proposed autoimmunity as a pathogenetic mechanism of pancreatitis.[4]
  • In 1995, Yoshida proposed the term "autoimmune pancreatitis" for the first time.[5]
  • Historically, autoimmune pancreatitis is also known as:[6][7][8][9]
    • Primary inflammatory pancreatitis.
    • Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis.
    • Pseudotumorous pancreatitis.
    • Chronic pancreatitis with irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct.
    • Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis.
    • Nonalcoholic duct destructive chronic pancreatitis.
  • In 2009, the two types of autoimmune pancreatitis were first identified such as type 1 (lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis) and type 2 (idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis).[10][11]

References

  1. Pannala R, Kidd M, Modlin IM (2009). "Acute pancreatitis: a historical perspective". Pancreas. 38 (4): 355–66. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e318199161c. PMID 19390402.
  2. Fitz, Reginald H. (1889). "Acute Pancreatitis". The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 120 (8): 181–187. doi:10.1056/NEJM188902211200801. ISSN 0096-6762.
  3. WHIPPLE AO (1946). "Radical surgery for certain cases of pancreatic fibrosis associated with calcareous deposits". Ann. Surg. 124 (6): 991–1008. PMID 20277086.
  4. SARLES H, SARLES JC, MURATORE R, GUIEN C (1961). "Chronic inflammatory sclerosis of the pancreas--an autonomous pancreatic disease?". Am J Dig Dis. 6: 688–98. PMID 13746542.
  5. Yoshida K, Toki F, Takeuchi T, Watanabe S, Shiratori K, Hayashi N (1995). "Chronic pancreatitis caused by an autoimmune abnormality. Proposal of the concept of autoimmune pancreatitis". Dig. Dis. Sci. 40 (7): 1561–8. PMID 7628283.
  6. Sarles H, Sarles JC, Camatte R, Muratore R, Gaini M, Guien C, Pastor J, Le Roy F (1965). "Observations on 205 confirmed cases of acute pancreatitis, recurring pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis". Gut. 6 (6): 545–59. PMC 1552360. PMID 5857891.
  7. Kawaguchi K, Koike M, Tsuruta K, Okamoto A, Tabata I, Fujita N (1991). "Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis with cholangitis: a variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis extensively involving pancreas". Hum. Pathol. 22 (4): 387–95. PMID 2050373.
  8. Ectors N, Maillet B, Aerts R, Geboes K, Donner A, Borchard F, Lankisch P, Stolte M, Lüttges J, Kremer B, Klöppel G (1997). "Non-alcoholic duct destructive chronic pancreatitis". Gut. 41 (2): 263–8. PMC 1891454. PMID 9301509.
  9. Notohara K, Burgart LJ, Yadav D, Chari S, Smyrk TC (2003). "Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis with periductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration: clinicopathologic features of 35 cases". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 27 (8): 1119–27. PMID 12883244.
  10. Klöppel G, Detlefsen S, Chari ST, Longnecker DS, Zamboni G (2010). "Autoimmune pancreatitis: the clinicopathological characteristics of the subtype with granulocytic epithelial lesions". J. Gastroenterol. 45 (8): 787–93. doi:10.1007/s00535-010-0265-x. PMID 20549251.
  11. Zhang L, Chari S, Smyrk TC, Deshpande V, Klöppel G, Kojima M, Liu X, Longnecker DS, Mino-Kenudson M, Notohara K, Rodriguez-Justo M, Srivastava A, Zamboni G, Zen Y (2011). "Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) type 1 and type 2: an international consensus study on histopathologic diagnostic criteria". Pancreas. 40 (8): 1172–9. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e318233bec5. PMID 21975436.

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