Autism classification: Difference between revisions

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!Restricted, repetitive behaviors
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Revision as of 00:08, 2 April 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

DSM 5 categorized autism under autistic spectrum disorders/pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Autistic spectrum of disorders are characterized by widespread abnormalities of social interactions, communication associated with severely restricted interests and repetitive behavior and can be classified into 5 types.

Classification

DSM 5 categorized autism under autistic spectrum disorders/pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Autistic spectrum of disorders are characterized by widespread abnormalities of social interactions, communication associated with severely restricted interests and repetitive behavior.[1][2][3]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Autistic spectrum disorder
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Autistic disorder
 
Retts disorder
 
Childhood disintegrative disorder
 
Pervasive developmental disorder
 
Asperger's disorder
 
 

Based on the degree of severity and level of support ASD are classified into 3 types[2][4][5]

Severity level Social communication Restricted, repetitive behaviors
Level 3 Requiring very substantial support
  • Severe deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication skills
  • Severe impairment in functioning
  • Very limited initiation of social interactions
  • Minimal response to social overtures from others
  • Inflexibility of behavior
  • Extreme difficulty in coping with change
  • Repeated behavior markedly interferes with functioning in all spheres
  • Great distress/difficulty changing focus or action
Level 2 Requiring substantial support
  • Marked deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication skills
  • Marked impairment in functioning
  • Limited initiation of social interactions
  • Difficulty in coping with change
  • Distress/difficulty changing focus or action
  • Repetitive behaviors occur frequently
Level 1 Requiring support
  • Without support, deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication skills
  • Atypical and unusual social responses
  • Interference with functioning in one or more context
  • Problems of organization and planning hamper independence

References

  1. Geschwind DH, Levitt P (2007). "Autism spectrum disorders: developmental disconnection syndromes". Curr Opin Neurobiol. 17 (1): 103–11. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2007.01.009. PMID 17275283.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Piven J, Palmer P, Jacobi D, Childress D, Arndt S (1997). "Broader autism phenotype: evidence from a family history study of multiple-incidence autism families" (PDF). Am J Psychiatry. 154 (2): 185–90. PMID 9016266.
  3. Cohen D, Pichard N, Tordjman S; et al. (2005). "Specific genetic disorders and autism: clinical contribution towards their identification". J Autism Dev Disord. 35 (1): 103–16. doi:10.1007/s10803-004-1038-2. PMID 15796126.
  4. Freitag CM (2007). "The genetics of autistic disorders and its clinical relevance: a review of the literature". Mol Psychiatry. 12 (1): 2–22. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001896. PMID 17033636.
  5. Stephan DA (2008). "Unraveling autism". Am J Hum Genet. 82 (1): 7–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.12.003. PMID 18179879.

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