Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder epidemiology and demographics
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2], Haleigh Williams, B.S.
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Overview
The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is estimated to be 5,000 per 100,000 (5%) children and 2,500 per 100,000 (2.5%) adults.[1] Boys are more commonly affected by ADHD than girls. The male to female ratio is 2 to 1.[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The prevalence of ADHD in children is 5,000 per 100,000 (5%) of the overall population.[1]
- The prevalence of ADHD in adults is 2,500 per 100,000 (2.5%) of the overall population.[1]
Incidence
- The percentage of children age 4-17 years diagnosed with ADHD increased from 7.8 percent in 2003 to 11 percent in 2011.[3][4]
Age
- ADHD is usually first diagnosed in school-aged children. For an adult to be diagnosed with ADHD, the patient’s symptoms must have been present prior to the age of 12.[5] However, the average age at diagnosis is 7 years.[4]
Gender
- ADHD is more prevalent in males than in females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1.[2]
Race
- ADHD is observed in patients of all racial/ethnic backgrounds, but does appear to be most common in non-Hispanic Caucasians.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Briars, L., & Todd, T. (2016). A Review of Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 21(3), 192–206. http://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192.
- ↑ Zuvekas SH, Vitiello B (2012). "Stimulant medication use in children: a 12-year perspective". Am J Psychiatry. 169 (2): 160–6. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11030387. PMC 3548321. PMID 22420039.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Center for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html Accessed on Oct 14, 2016.
- ↑ National Institute of Mental Health (NIH). (2016). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."