Atrial septal defect echocardiography
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3] Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]
Overview
Echocardiography is the preferred diagnostic tool in the evaluation of an atrial septal defect. Out of the different types of echocardiographic modalities that can be used, transesophageal echocardiography can be used for all types of atrial septal defects. Trials have shown transesophageal echocardiography to be superior in diagnosing sinus venosus ASD compared to transthoracic echocardiography[1][2]. Other modalities like transthoracic echocardiography can be used for identification of the secundum type of atrial septal defects. During imaging the entire atrial septum from the orifice of the superior vena cava to the orifice of the inferior vena cava should be visualized. This helps in detecting sinus venosus defects and large ostium secundum defects that might extend up to that area. As an evaluative tool, echocardiograms can: locate the defects, identify the direction of shunting, identify associated anomalies, evaluate atrial and ventricular enlargement. In general, an atrial septal defect patient will present symptomatic evidence of hemodynamic disruptions between the left and right atrium.
Echocardiography
- Echocardiography is the preferred diagnostic imaging method for the evaluation of many congenital heart diseases, including atrial septal defect. An echocardiogram allows for identification of the functional issues with the heart's anatomy. In suspected atrial septal defect patients, an echocardiogram can locate the defect, identify the direction of shunting, associated anomalies, evaluate atrial and ventricular enlargement.
- Think about anomalous pulmonary veins, if echocardiography shows volume overload and no ASD is seen.
Advantages
Modalities
Trans-esophageal Echocardiography (TEE)
Trans-thoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
Contrast Echocardiography
M-mode
Doppler
Videos showing echocardiographic findings in specific defects:
Ostium primum | Ostium secundum | Patent foramen ovale | Sinus venosus
References
- ↑ Kronzon I, Tunick PA, Freedberg RS, Trehan N, Rosenzweig BP, Schwinger ME (1991). "Transesophageal echocardiography is superior to transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect". J Am Coll Cardiol. 17 (2): 537–42. PMID 1991912.
- ↑ Mehta RH, Helmcke F, Nanda NC, Pinheiro L, Samdarshi TE, Shah VK (1991). "Uses and limitations of transthoracic echocardiography in the assessment of atrial septal defect in the adult". Am J Cardiol. 67 (4): 288–94. PMID 1990793.