Atrial flutter historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
*The term flutter first appeared a century ago in 1887, with Mac William who described the visual phenomena resulting from ‘faradic stimulation of the auricles which sets them into a rapid flutter’. | *The term flutter first appeared a century ago in 1887, with Mac William who described the visual phenomena resulting from ‘faradic stimulation of the auricles which sets them into a rapid flutter’<ref name="pmid16991467">{{cite journal |vauthors=McWilliam JA |title=Fibrillar Contraction of the Heart |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=296–310 |date=October 1887 |pmid=16991467 |pmc=1485090 |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1887.sp000261 |url=}}</ref>. | ||
*It was only 23 years later that Jolly and Ritchie, using the Cambridge model of Einthoven's string galvanometer recorded the first ECG example of AFL. | *It was only 23 years later that Jolly and Ritchie, using the Cambridge model of Einthoven's string galvanometer recorded the first ECG example of AFL. | ||
*A single wave circus movement mechanism was initially proposed by Lewis, but the possibility to reproduce the ECG morphology of AFL with high pacing rate or with focal aconitine injection supported a focal mechanism as another possible hypothesis. | *A single wave circus movement mechanism was initially proposed by Lewis, but the possibility to reproduce the ECG morphology of AFL with high pacing rate or with focal aconitine injection supported a focal mechanism as another possible hypothesis. | ||
Revision as of 15:07, 20 November 2019
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Atrial flutter Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Atrial flutter historical perspective On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Atrial flutter historical perspective |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Atrial flutter historical perspective |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The term flutter first appeared a century ago in 1887, with Mac William who described the visual phenomena resulting from ‘faradic stimulation of the auricles which sets them into a rapid flutter.Its first description a century ago, our understanding of atrial flutter (AFL) has evolved, from a relatively simple and unique electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern corresponding to a right atrial macroreentry, to a variety of atrial tachycardias (ATs) originating from the right atrium as well as the left atrium, and resulting from different mechanisms. The use of multielectrodes catheters and the recent development of sophisticated computerized electroanatomical mapping with virtual anatomical chambers reconstruction and fusion with the actual anatomical radiological image has improved our knowledge of AFL circuits and foci location. These technological improvements have also facilitated curative treatment with radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation while simultaneously creating some terminological and conceptual confusion about its nature.
Historical Perspective
- The term flutter first appeared a century ago in 1887, with Mac William who described the visual phenomena resulting from ‘faradic stimulation of the auricles which sets them into a rapid flutter’[1].
- It was only 23 years later that Jolly and Ritchie, using the Cambridge model of Einthoven's string galvanometer recorded the first ECG example of AFL.
- A single wave circus movement mechanism was initially proposed by Lewis, but the possibility to reproduce the ECG morphology of AFL with high pacing rate or with focal aconitine injection supported a focal mechanism as another possible hypothesis.
- Both mechanisms are easily observed, the circus movement theory has been finally accepted as being by far the most frequent in man.
- A macroreentrant mechanism was finally proven by detailed mapping in the operating room, as well as in the electrophysiology laboratory
References
- ↑ McWilliam JA (October 1887). "Fibrillar Contraction of the Heart". J. Physiol. (Lond.). 8 (5): 296–310. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1887.sp000261. PMC 1485090. PMID 16991467.