Asplenia: Difference between revisions

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==[[Asplenia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Asplenia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common risk factors in the development of asplenia include:
**[[Trauma]] <ref name="pmid26557043">{{cite journal| author=Erdem SB, Genel F, Erdur B, Ozbek E, Gulez N, Mese T| title=Asplenia in children with congenital heart disease as a cause of poor outcome. | journal=Cent Eur J Immunol | year= 2015 | volume= 40 | issue= 2 | pages= 266-9 | pmid=26557043 | doi=10.5114/ceji.2015.52841 | pmc=4637402 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26557043  }} </ref>
**[[Atraumatic]] indication for [[splenectomy]] includes:<ref name="pmid27018168">{{cite journal| author=Browning MG, Bullen N, Nokes T, Tucker K, Coleman M| title=The evolving indications for splenectomy. | journal=Br J Haematol | year= 2017 | volume= 177 | issue= 2 | pages= 321-324 | pmid=27018168 | doi=10.1111/bjh.14060 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27018168  }} </ref>
***[[malignancy]]
***[[hematological autoimmune disorder]]
****[[Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)]]
****[[Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)]]
**[[Surgery]]: includes
***[[unexplained splenomegaly]]
***[[autoimmune]]
***[[malignant]]
===Less Common Risk Factors===
*Less common risk factor include:
**[[mutations]] in the [[gene RPSA]], is a risk factor for [[Isolated asplenia]].<ref name="pmid25840456">{{cite journal| author=Bolze A| title=[Connecting isolated congenital asplenia to the ribosome]. | journal=Biol Aujourdhui | year= 2014 | volume= 208 | issue= 4 | pages= 289-98 | pmid=25840456 | doi=10.1051/jbio/2015001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25840456  }} </ref>
**Two human [[genes]], [[connexin 43]] and [[ZIC3]], is a risk factor for [[heterotaxy syndrome]].<ref name="pmid19618213">{{cite journal| author=Ahmed SA, Zengeya S, Kini U, Pollard AJ| title=Familial isolated congenital asplenia: case report and literature review. | journal=Eur J Pediatr | year= 2010 | volume= 169 | issue= 3 | pages= 315-8 | pmid=19618213 | doi=10.1007/s00431-009-1030-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19618213  }} </ref>


==[[Asplenia screening|Screening]]==
==[[Asplenia screening|Screening]]==

Revision as of 13:02, 19 July 2021

Asplenia
ICD-10 D73.0, Q89.0
ICD-9 289.59, 759.01
OMIM 208530 %271400 208540

Asplenia Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Synonyms and keywords:

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Asplenia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

screening for asplenia is by the detection of Howell-Jolly bodies (ie, erythrocytes with nuclear remnants) is recommended. [1]

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Natural History

Complications

Common complications of asplenia include

Less Common complications of asplenia include

Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Interventions | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Medical Therapy

Emergency Medical Management of suspected sepsis in Asplenic patient

Asplenia can cause sepsis and require immediate management:[8]

Surgery

The mainstay of treatment for asplenia is medical therapy and prevention.[10]

Primary prevention

Vaccination

Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Malaria Prophylaxis

Secondary prevention

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of asplenia include:

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:Hematology Template:Phakomatoses and other congenital malformations not elsewhere classified


de:Asplenie nl:Asplenie fi:Asplenia


Template:WikiDoc Sources

  1. Corazza GR, Ginaldi L, Zoli G, Frisoni M, Lalli G, Gasbarrini G; et al. (1990). "Howell-Jolly body counting as a measure of splenic function. A reassessment". Clin Lab Haematol. 12 (3): 269–75. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2257.1990.tb00037.x. PMID 2125541.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kirkineska L, Perifanis V, Vasiliadis T (2014). "Functional hyposplenism". Hippokratia. 18 (1): 7–11. PMC 4103047. PMID 25125944.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M (2021). "Complications in the adult asplenic patient: A review for the emergency clinician". Am J Emerg Med. 44: 452–457. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.03.049. PMID 32247651 Check |pmid= value (help).
  4. Hale AJ, LaSalvia M, Kirby JE, Kimball A, Baden R (2016). "Fatal purpura fulminans and Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome from fulminant Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis in an asplenic young adult". IDCases. 6: 1–4. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2016.08.004. PMC 4995527. PMID 27583208.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Lee GM (2020). "Preventing infections in children and adults with asplenia". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2020 (1): 328–335. doi:10.1182/hematology.2020000117. PMC 7727556 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33275684 Check |pmid= value (help).
  6. 6.0 6.1 Huebner ML, Milota KA (2015). "Asplenia and fever". Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 28 (3): 340–1. doi:10.1080/08998280.2015.11929267. PMC 4462215. PMID 26130882.
  7. Agarwal H, Mittal SK, Kulkarni CD, Verma AK, Srivastava SK (2011). "Right isomerism with complex cardiac anomalies presenting with dysphagia--a case report". J Radiol Case Rep. 5 (4): 1–9. doi:10.3941/jrcr.v5i4.702. PMC 3303439. PMID 22470785.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Salvadori MI, Price VE, Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee (2014). "Preventing and treating infections in children with asplenia or hyposplenia". Paediatr Child Health. 19 (5): 271–8. PMC 4029242. PMID 24855431.
  9. Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R; et al. (2017). "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016". Intensive Care Med. 43 (3): 304–377. doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4683-6. PMID 28101605.
  10. Waghorn DJ (2001). "Overwhelming infection in asplenic patients: current best practice preventive measures are not being followed". J Clin Pathol. 54 (3): 214–8. doi:10.1136/jcp.54.3.214. PMC 1731383. PMID 11253134.
  11. Quéffélec C, Billet L, Duffau P, Lazaro E, Machelart I, Greib C; et al. (2020). "Prevention of infection in asplenic adult patients by general practitioners in France between 2013 and 2016 : Care for the asplenic patient in general practice". BMC Fam Pract. 21 (1): 163. doi:10.1186/s12875-020-01237-3. PMC 7425533 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32787857 Check |pmid= value (help).
  12. Committee to Advise on Tropical Medicine and Travel (CATMAT) (2009). "Canadian recommendations for the prevention and treatment of malaria among international travellers--2009". Can Commun Dis Rep. 35 Suppl 1: 1–82. PMID 19750611.
  13. O'Neill NE, Baker J, Ward R, Johnson C, Taggart L, Sholzberg M (2020). "The development of a quality improvement project to improve infection prevention and management in patients with asplenia or hyposplenia". BMJ Open Qual. 9 (3). doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000770. PMC 7410002 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32759171 Check |pmid= value (help).