Asperger syndrome behavioral therapy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
Asperger syndrome treatment attempts to manage distressing symptoms and to teach age-appropriate social, communication and vocational skills that are not naturally acquired during development, with intervention tailored to the needs of the individual child, based on multidisciplinary assessment.[1] Although progress has been made, data supporting the efficacy of particular interventions are limited.[2]
Behavioral and Other Therapies
The ideal treatment for AS coordinates therapies that address core symptoms of the disorder, including poor communication skills and obsessive or repetitive routines. While most professionals agree that the earlier the intervention, the better, there is no single best treatment package. AS treatment resembles that of other high-functioning ASDs, except that it takes into account the linguistic capabilities, verbal strengths, and nonverbal vulnerabilities of individuals with AS. A typical program generally includes:
The training of social skills for more effective interpersonal interactions;[3]Cognitive behavioral therapy to improve stress management relating to anxiety or explosive emotions,[4] and to cut back on obsessive interests and repetitive routines;Medication, for coexisting conditions such as depression and anxiety;Occupational or physical therapy to assist with poor sensory integration and motor coordination;Social communication intervention, which is specialized speech therapy to help with the pragmatics of the give and take of normal conversation;[5]The training and support of parents, particularly in behavioral techniques to use in the home.
Of the many studies on behavior-based early intervention programs, most are case studies of up to five participants, and typically examine a few problem behaviors such as self-injury, aggression, noncompliance, stereotypies, or spontaneous language; unintended side effects are largely ignored.[6] Despite the popularity of social skills training, its effectiveness is not firmly established.[7] A randomized controlled study of a model for training parents in problem behaviors in their children with AS showed that parents attending a one-day workshop or six individual lessons reported fewer behavioral problems, while parents receiving the individual lessons reported less intense behavioral problems in their AS children.[8] Vocational training is important to teach job interview etiquette and workplace behavior to older children and adults with AS, and organization software and personal data assistants to improve the work and life management of people with AS are useful.
Overview
Behavioral therapies in Asperger Syndrome (AS) are used to help the patients with their social communication and to develop social skills.[9]
Behavioral Therapy
- Behavioral therapies in Asperger Syndrome (AS) are used to help the patients with their social communication and to develop social skills.[9]
- Behavioral therapy in Asperger Syndrome (AS) include:[10]
- Sociobehavioral therapy
- Peer-evaluated intervention programs (improvement in irritability and social interaction)[10]
- Video or computerized training programs (improvement in social function)[10][11][12]
- Rote verbal learning of social rules[9]
- Parts to whole approach (verbal information is presented as a series)[9]
- Small classes and small group activities[9]
- AS patients should be integrated with their normotypical peers[9]
- Adaption of the curriculum for the child with AS (eg. allowing more time to complete tasks)[9]
- Adaptive skills should be taught explicitly (eg. by scheduling, practicing and rehearsing)[9]
- Targeted organizational skills (eg. the use of scheduling, scripts, lists (things to do’) or rules)[9]
- Social skills and pragmatic language training[9]
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)[10]
- Used in treatment of some associated conditions in AS such as depression, anxiety, social phobias and anger.[10][13][14]
- Sociobehavioral therapy
References
- ↑ Khouzam HR, El-Gabalawi F, Pirwani N, Priest F (2004). "Asperger's disorder: a review of its diagnosis and treatment". Compr Psychiatry. 45 (3): 184–91. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.02.004. PMID 15124148.
- ↑ Attwood T (2003). "Frameworks for behavioral interventions". Child Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 12 (1): 65–86. doi:10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00054-8. PMID 12512399.
- ↑ Krasny L, Williams BJ, Provencal S, Ozonoff S (2003). "Social skills interventions for the autism spectrum: essential ingredients and a model curriculum". Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 12 (1): 107–22. doi:10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00051-2. PMID 12512401.
- ↑ Myles BS (2003). "Behavioral forms of stress management for individuals with Asperger syndrome". Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 12 (1): 123–41. doi:10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00048-2. PMID 12512402.
- ↑ Paul R (2003). "Promoting social communication in high functioning individuals with autistic spectrum disorders". Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 12 (1): 87–106. doi:10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00047-0. PMID 12512400.
- ↑ Matson JL (2007). "Determining treatment outcome in early intervention programs for autism spectrum disorders: a critical analysis of measurement issues in learning based interventions". Res Dev Disabil. 28 (2): 207–18. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2005.07.006. PMID 16682171.
- ↑ Rao PA, Beidel DC, Murray MJ (2008). "Social skills interventions for children with Asperger's syndrome or high-functioning autism: a review and recommendations". J Autism Dev Disord. 38 (2): 353–61. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0402-4. PMID 17641962.
- ↑ Sofronoff K, Leslie A, Brown W (2004). "Parent management training and Asperger syndrome: a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a parent based intervention". Autism. 8 (3): 301–17. doi:10.1177/1362361304045215. PMID 15358872.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 Woodbury-Smith MR, Volkmar FR (2009). "Asperger syndrome". Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 18 (1): 2–11. doi:10.1007/s00787-008-0701-0. PMID 18563474.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Tarazi FI, Sahli ZT, Pleskow J, Mousa SA (2015). "Asperger's syndrome: diagnosis, comorbidity and therapy". Expert Rev Neurother. 15 (3): 281–93. doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1009898. PMID 25655905.
- ↑ Beaumont R, Sofronoff K (2008). "A multi-component social skills intervention for children with Asperger syndrome: the Junior Detective Training Program". J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 49 (7): 743–53. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01920.x. PMID 18503531.
- ↑ Kandalaft MR, Didehbani N, Krawczyk DC, Allen TT, Chapman SB (2013). "Virtual reality social cognition training for young adults with high-functioning autism". J Autism Dev Disord. 43 (1): 34–44. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1544-6. PMC 3536992. PMID 22570145.
- ↑ Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM, Beck AT (2006). "The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses". Clin Psychol Rev. 26 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003. PMID 16199119.
- ↑ Sofronoff K, Attwood T, Hinton S, Levin I (2007). "A randomized controlled trial of a cognitive behavioural intervention for anger management in children diagnosed with Asperger syndrome". J Autism Dev Disord. 37 (7): 1203–14. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0262-3. PMID 17082978.