Aplastic anemia causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(31 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
{{Aplastic anemia}}
{{Aplastic anemia}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.D.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.D.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]
==Overview==
==Overview==
The cause of the damage can be acquired or inherited. Acquired aplastic anemia is more common, and sometimes it's only temporary. Inherited aplastic anemia is rare. More than half of the cases of [[aplastic anemia]] are idiopathic. Chemicals, drugs, viral infections, [[collagen vascular disease]]s, and [[thymoma]] can be implicated as the causative factor in the other cases. Some research suggests that stem cell damage may occur because the body's immune system attacks its own cells by mistake.
Common causes of aplastic anemia include [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]]. Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]. [[Radiation|Other causes include radiation]], [[chemotherapy]], toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]], and metastasis to bone marrow. Less common causes of aplastic anemia are [[Lupus erythematosis|Lupus (SLE)]], r[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]], .pregnancy, [[Thymoma]][[Collagen vascular disease|, and collagen vascular disease]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Acquired Causes===
=== Life-threatening Causes[edit | edit source] ===
Many diseases, conditions, and factors can cause aplastic anemia, including:
* There are no life-threatening causes of aplastic anemia.
* Toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]].
 
* Radiation and chemotherapy
=== Common Causes ===
* Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] (an antibiotic rarely used in the United States, [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]].
Common causes of aplastic anemia may include:<ref name="Young2002">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Neal S.|title=Acquired Aplastic Anemia|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=136|issue=7|year=2002|pages=534|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00011}}</ref>
* Idiopathic
* Infectious diseases, such as [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
* Infectious diseases, such as [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
* Medicines, such as [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]].
* [[Radiation]] 
* [[chemotherapy]]
* Toxins, such as [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]]
* Metastasis
=== Less Common Causes ===
Less common causes of aplastic anemia include:<ref name="Young2002" />
* [[Lupus erythematosis|Lupus (SLE)]]
* R[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]].
* Pregnancy
* [[Thymoma]]
* [[Collagen vascular disease]]
* [[Collagen vascular disease]]
* [[Thymoma]]
* Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and [[rheumatoid arthritis]].
* [[Pregnancy]] (aplastic anemia that occurs during pregnancy often goes away after delivery.)
* Metastaic involvement of bone marrow


===Inherited Causes===
=== Genetic Causes ===
Certain inherited conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia. Examples include:
 
Certain genetic conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia:<ref name="ShallisAhmad2018">{{cite journal|last1=Shallis|first1=Rory M|last2=Ahmad|first2=Rami|last3=Zeidan|first3=Amer M|title=Aplastic anemia: etiology, molecular pathogenesis and emerging concepts|journal=European Journal of Haematology|year=2018|issn=09024441|doi=10.1111/ejh.13153}}</ref>
* [[Fanconi anemia]]
* [[Fanconi anemia]]
* [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
* [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
Line 24: Line 35:
* [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]].
* [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]].


===Drug Side Effect===
===Causes by Organ System===
*[[Cefadroxil]]
 
*[[Ceftazidime]]
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
*[[Cefaclor]]
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
*[[Cefaclor]]
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
*[[Dapsone]]
|-
*[[Isoniazid]]
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
*[[Meprobamate]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
*[[Penicillamine]]
|-
*[[Probenecid]]
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
*[[Tolbutamide]]
| '''Dental'''
*[[Sulfasalazine]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Albendazole]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[chloramphenicol]] , [[Carbamazepine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfadiazine]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Thymoma]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Fulminent hepatitis
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Fanconi anemia]]
 
[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
 
[[Dyskeratosis congenita]] [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[hepatitis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[parvovirus B19]], and [[HIV]].
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Severe [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|vit B12]] and [[Folic Acid|Folate]] deficiency
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia|Acute lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Myelodysplastic syndrome|MDS]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[pesticides]], [[arsenic]], and [[benzene]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[SLE]], R[[rheumatoid arthritis|heumatoid arthritis]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Anorexia
|-
|}
 
=== Causes in Alphabetical Order ===
 
* [[Autoimmune diseases]]
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Arsenic]]
* [[Benzene]]
* [[Ceftazidime]]
* [[Cefaclor]]
* [[Cefaclor]]
* [[Certolizumab pegol]]
* [[Chlorpropamide]]
* [[Chloramphenicol sodium succinate]]
* [[Dactinomycin]]
* [[Dapsone]]
* [[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
* [[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]].
* [[Eltrombopag]]
* [[Fanconi anemia]]
* [[Felbamate]]
* [[Flurbiprofen]]
* [[Flucytosine]]
* [[interferon alfacon-1]]
* [[Isoniazid]]
* [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]]
* [[Meprobamate]]
* [[Nilutamide]]
* [[Oxaprozin]]
* [[Penicillamine]]
* [[Probenecid]]
* [[pesticides]]
* [[Tolbutamide]]
* [[Tolazamide]]
* [[Sodium aurothiomalate]]
* [[Sodium phenylbutyrate]]
* [[Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (oral)|Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim]]
* [[Sulfasalazine]]
* [[Sulfacetamide]]
* [[Thymoma]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:48, 20 August 2018

Aplastic anemia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Aplastic anemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Aplastic anemia causes On the Web

Most recent articles

cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Aplastic anemia causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Aplastic anemia causes

CDC on Aplastic anemia causes

Aplastic anemia causes in the news

Blogs on Aplastic anemia causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Aplastic anemia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Aplastic anemia causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common causes of aplastic anemia include hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV. Medicines, such as Albendazole, Cefadroxil, Chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol , Carbamazepine, Hydroxychloroquine, Methimazole, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Quinine, Phenylbutazone, Sulindac, Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Valganciclovir hydrochloride. Other causes include radiation, chemotherapy, toxins, such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene, and metastasis to bone marrow. Less common causes of aplastic anemia are Lupus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, .pregnancy, Thymoma, and collagen vascular disease.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes[edit | edit source]

  • There are no life-threatening causes of aplastic anemia.

Common Causes

Common causes of aplastic anemia may include:[1]

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of aplastic anemia include:[1]

Genetic Causes

Certain genetic conditions can damage the stem cells and lead to aplastic anemia:[2]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Albendazole, Cefadroxil, Chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol , Carbamazepine, Hydroxychloroquine, Methimazole, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Quinine, Phenylbutazone, Sulindac, Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Valganciclovir hydrochloride
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Thymoma
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Fulminent hepatitis
Genetic Fanconi anemia

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome

Dyskeratosis congenita Diamond-Blackfan anemia

Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV.
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Severe vit B12 and Folate deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Acute lymphocytic leukemia, MDS
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity pesticides, arsenic, and benzene
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Anorexia

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Young, Neal S. (2002). "Acquired Aplastic Anemia". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (7): 534. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00011. ISSN 0003-4819.
  2. Shallis, Rory M; Ahmad, Rami; Zeidan, Amer M (2018). "Aplastic anemia: etiology, molecular pathogenesis and emerging concepts". European Journal of Haematology. doi:10.1111/ejh.13153. ISSN 0902-4441.