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==Overview==
==Overview==
The physical findings of anthrax infection depend on the type of disease present in that patient. Common findings of 1)cutaneous type include: fever, tachycardia, skin rash with formation of a typical scar, edema and lymphadenopathy; 2)gastrointestinal type include: fever, tachycardia, mucosal ulcer and edema in case of oropharyngeal lesion and edema and pallor in more severe cases; 3)inhalation type include: fever, tachycardia, bradypnea in severe cases, pallor, cyanosis and decreased heart and lung sounds in the presence of pleural effusion; and 4)injection anthrax include: fever, typical skin ulcer on the site of injection, edema and subcutaneous and/or muscular abscess.
The physical findings of [[anthrax]] infection depend on the type of disease present in that patient. Common findings of 1)[[cutaneous]] type includes: [[fever]], [[tachycardia]], [[skin rash]] with formation of a typical [[scar]], [[edema]] and [[lymphadenopathy]]; 2)[[gastrointestinal]] type includes: [[fever]], [[tachycardia]], [[mucosal]] [[ulcer]] and [[edema]] in case of [[oropharyngeal]] lesion and [[edema]] and [[pallor]] in more severe cases; 3)[[inhalation]] type includes: [[fever]], [[tachycardia]], [[bradypnea]] in severe cases, [[pallor]], [[cyanosis]] and decreased [[heart]] and [[lung]] sounds in the presence of [[pleural effusion]]; and 4)injection anthrax includes: [[fever]], typical skin [[scar]] on the site of injection, [[edema]] and [[subcutaneous]] and/or [[muscular abscess]].


==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==

Revision as of 13:11, 17 July 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

The physical findings of anthrax infection depend on the type of disease present in that patient. Common findings of 1)cutaneous type includes: fever, tachycardia, skin rash with formation of a typical scar, edema and lymphadenopathy; 2)gastrointestinal type includes: fever, tachycardia, mucosal ulcer and edema in case of oropharyngeal lesion and edema and pallor in more severe cases; 3)inhalation type includes: fever, tachycardia, bradypnea in severe cases, pallor, cyanosis and decreased heart and lung sounds in the presence of pleural effusion; and 4)injection anthrax includes: fever, typical skin scar on the site of injection, edema and subcutaneous and/or muscular abscess.

Physical Examination

Appearance of the Patient

The appearance of the patients and physical exam will depend on the type of anthrax present in that patient.

Vitals

Temperature

Cutaneous Anthrax
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Inhalation Anthrax
Injection Anthrax

Pulse

Rate
Cutaneous Anthrax
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Inhalation or Pulmonary Anthrax
Injection Anthrax

Blood Pressure

Cutaneous Anthrax
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Inhalation Anthrax

Respiratory Rate

Gastrointestinal Anthrax
  • Bradypnea may be present in more severe cases
Inhalation Anthrax

Skin

Cutaneous Anthrax
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
  • Edema may be present, particularly in the neck region
  • Pallor may be present in cases of systemic anthrax with shock
Inhalation Anthrax

Throat

Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Inhalation Anthrax

Neck

Cutaneous Anthrax
  • Lymph nodes may be present, particularly if initial lesion is located in that region
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Inhalation Anthrax

Auscultation

Inhalation Anthrax

Abdomen

Cutaneous Anthrax
Gastrointestinal Anthrax

Extremities

Cutaneous Anthrax
  • Edema may be present, particularly around the initial lesion
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Inhalation Anthrax

Neurologic

Cutaneous Anthrax
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Inhalation Anthrax

References