Androgen insensitivity syndrome classification

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Androgen insensitivity syndrome Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Androgen insensitivity syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Androgen insensitivity syndrome classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Androgen insensitivity syndrome classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Androgen insensitivity syndrome classification

CDC on Androgen insensitivity syndrome classification

Androgen insensitivity syndrome classification in the news

Blogs on Androgen insensitivity syndrome classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Risk calculators and risk factors for Androgen insensitivity syndrome classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Classification

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) represents a spectrum of defects in androgen action and can be subdivided into three broad phenotypes:

  • Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), with typical female external genitalia
  • Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) with predominantly female, predominantly male, or ambiguous external genitalia
  • Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) with typical male external genitalia


Classification of Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Phenotypes
Type External Genitalia Findings
CAIS - (Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome) Female (“testicular feminization”)
  • Absent OR rudimentary wolffian duct derivatives.
  • Absence or presence of epididymides and/or vas deferens.
  • Inguinal, labial, or abdominal testes.
  • Short blind-ending vagina.
  • Scant OR absent pubic AND/OR axillary hair.
Predominantly female (“incomplete AIS”)
  • Inguinal OR labial testes.
  • Clitoromegaly and labial fusion.
  • Distinct urethral and vaginal openings OR a urogenital sinus.
PAIS - (Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome) Ambiguous
  • Microphallus (<1 cm) with clitoris-like underdeveloped glans; labia majora-like bifid scrotum.
  • Descended OR undescended testes.
  • Perineoscrotal hypospadias OR urogenital sinus.
  • Gynecomastia (development of breasts) in puberty.
Predominantly male
  • Simple (glandular or penile) OR severe (perineal) “isolated” hypospadias with a normal-sized penis and descended testes OR severe hypospadias with micropenis, bifid scrotum, and either descended OR undescended testes.
  • Gynecomastia in puberty.
MAIS - (Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome) Male (“undervirilized male syndrome”)
  • Impaired spermatogenesis AND/OR impaired pubertal virilization.
  • Gynecomastia in puberty.

References

Template:WH Template:WS