Ancylostoma braziliense

style="background:#Template:Taxobox colour;"|Ancylostoma braziliense
style="background:#Template:Taxobox colour;" | Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Secernentea Order: Strongylida Family: Ancylostomatidae Genus: Ancylostoma Species: braziliense

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tamar Sifri [2]

Overview

Ancylostoma braziliense is a species of Ancylostoma.

It can cause creeping eruption.

Life Cycles

Intestinal Hookworm Infection: Eggs are passed in the stool (1), and under favorable conditions (moisture, warmth, shade), larvae hatch in 1 to 2 days. The released rhabditiform larvae grow in the feces and/or the soil (2), and after 5 to 10 days (and two molts) they become filariform (third-stage) larvae that are infective (3). These infective larvae can survive 3 to 4 weeks in favorable environmental conditions. On contact with the human host, the larvae penetrate the skin and are carried through the blood vessels to the heart and then to the lungs. They penetrate into the pulmonary alveoli, ascend the bronchial tree to the pharynx, and are swallowed (4). The larvae reach the small intestine, where they reside and mature into adults. Adult worms live in the lumen of the small intestine, where they attach to the intestinal wall with resultant blood loss by the host (5). Most adult worms are eliminated in 1 to 2 years, but the longevity may reach several years. Some A. duodenale larvae, following penetration of the host skin, can become dormant (in the intestine or muscle). In addition, infection by A. duodenalemay probably also occur by the oral and transmammary route. N. americanus, however, requires a transpulmonary migration phase.

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  Life cycles of Ancylostoma braziliense
  Adapted from CDC

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  Micrograph of Ancylostoma duodenale hookworm's (125X mag). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).

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  Ancylostoma braziliense mouth parts. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).

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  Hookworm egg undergoing the process of cellular division. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).

Treatment

Antimicrobial Regimen

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• Cutaneous larva migrans treatment

• 1.1 In adults

• Preferred regimen: Albendazole 400 mg PO qd for 3-7 days
• Alternative regimen: Ivermectin 200 mcg/kg PO qd for 1-2 days

• 1.2 In children

• Preferred regimen: Albendazole > 2 years then 400 mg PO qd for 3 days
• Alternative regimen: Ivermectin > 15 kg give 200 mcg/kg single dose
• Note: Albendazole is contraindicated in children younger than 2 years age