Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnostic study of choice
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
ALS is a clinical diagnosis. Due to the absence of any disease bio-markers, the presence of both UMN and LMN signs and symptoms in the same body region along with the progression of these symptoms. Modified [El-Escorial]' diagnostic criteria are used for elucidation of electrophysiological changes for the diagnosis of ALS. El- Escorial criteria are also known as Airlie House recommendations. It was revised in a meeting at Awaji Island, Japan in 2006. Current Airlie house recommendations were revised step by step. Awaji criteria have a significant impact on the diagnosis of ALS.
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Diagnostic Study of Choice
Study of choice
- Equal emphasis on both electromyogram (EMG) and clinical abnormalitie are the gold standard method for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.[2][3]
- EMG and nerve conduction studies are most sensitive to detecting the disease and can quantify its trademark characteristic of LMN degeneration.[2][4][1][5]
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the brain and spinal cord are the most useful neuroimaging technique in ALS mainly to exclude syndromes that mimic ALS.[2][5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Carvalho M, Dengler R, Eisen A, England JD, Kaji R, Kimura J; et al. (2008). "Electrodiagnostic criteria for diagnosis of ALS". Clin Neurophysiol. 119 (3): 497–503. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.09.143. PMID 18164242.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Zarei S, Carr K, Reiley L, Diaz K, Guerra O, Altamirano PF; et al. (2015). "A comprehensive review of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Surg Neurol Int. 6: 171. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.169561. PMC 4653353. PMID 26629397.
- ↑ Mills KR (2011). "Detecting fasciculations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: duration of observation required". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 82 (5): 549–51. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.186833. PMID 20462913.
- ↑ Costa J, Swash M, de Carvalho M (2012). "Awaji criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:a systematic review". Arch Neurol. 69 (11): 1410–6. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2012.254. PMID 22892641.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hardiman O, van den Berg LH, Kiernan MC (2011). "Clinical diagnosis and management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Nat Rev Neurol. 7 (11): 639–49. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2011.153. PMID 21989247.