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{{Amnesia}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADI}}
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==Overview==
Measures for the [[primary prevention]] of amnesia include preventing [[brain]] [[trauma]], managing [[stress]], avoid [[alcohol]] [[abuse]], manage [[stroke]] [[risk factors]], good [[sleep]] [[habits]], social integration, optimum [[nutrition]] and [[exercise]] routine.


==Primary Prevention==
==Primary Prevention==
*The most common preventable cause of [[memory]] loss is [[brain]] [[trauma]], especially [[trauma]] resulting form [[head injury]]. [[Preventative]] measures such as wearing a seat belt or a helmet while biking, can reduce the risk of [[head injury]].<ref name="pmid11475324">{{cite journal| author=Leclerc S, Lassonde M, Delaney JS, Lacroix VJ, Johnston KM| title=Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes. | journal=Sports Med | year= 2001 | volume= 31 | issue= 8 | pages= 629-36 | pmid=11475324 | doi=10.2165/00007256-200131080-00007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11475324  }} </ref>
*The most common [[preventable]] [[cause]] of [[memory]] loss is [[brain]] [[trauma]], especially [[trauma]] resulting form [[head injury]]. [[Preventative]] measures such as wearing a seat belt or a helmet while biking, can reduce the risk of [[head injury]].<ref name="pmid11475324">{{cite journal| author=Leclerc S, Lassonde M, Delaney JS, Lacroix VJ, Johnston KM| title=Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes. | journal=Sports Med | year= 2001 | volume= 31 | issue= 8 | pages= 629-36 | pmid=11475324 | doi=10.2165/00007256-200131080-00007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11475324  }} </ref>
 
*Eating [[nutrition|nutritious]] foods and reducing [[stress]] may help prevent [[memory]] loss. In addition, it may be helpful to avoid [[risk factors]] such as [[alcohol]] [[abuse]] and exposure to [[toxic chemicals]]. As [[hypertension|high blood pressure]] increases the risk for [[stroke]], and therefore [[memory]] loss, [[blood pressure]] should be kept under control. Lifestyle adjustments such as [[smoking cessation]] and [[exercise]] can also further reduce the risk for [[stroke]] and [[brain]] [[trauma]].
 
[[Sleep deprivation]] and stress are also thought to impact the proper functioning of the brain cells, so it is important to get enough rest and avoid stressful activities.
 
Socializing is also believed to be beneficial for preventing memory loss.


Patients whose memory loss is bothersome to the extent that it becomes an issue are encouraged to establish a routine and follow it. Making lists and associations, keeping a detailed calendar as well as always putting important objects in the same place might help them in remembering things quickly and more easily. People who develop mild symptoms of memory loss are more likely to prevent the worsening of the condition if they train their mind by playing strategy games, puzzles, word games, number puzzles or by reading. Basically, stimulating the brain can help patients slow down the processes that lead to memory loss.
*Eating [[nutrition|nutritious]] foods and reducing [[stress]] may help prevent [[memory]] loss. In addition, it may be helpful to avoid [[risk factors]] such as [[alcohol]] [[abuse]] and exposure to [[toxic chemicals]].  
*As [[hypertension|high blood pressure]] increases the risk for [[stroke]], and therefore [[memory]] loss, [[blood pressure]] should be kept under control.
*Lifestyle adjustments such as [[smoking cessation]] and [[exercise]] can also further reduce the risk for [[stroke]] and [[brain]] [[trauma]].<ref name="pmid29784659">{{cite journal| author=Ortega-de San Luis C, Ryan TJ| title=United states of amnesia: rescuing memory loss from diverse conditions. | journal=Dis Model Mech | year= 2018 | volume= 11 | issue= 5 | pages=  | pmid=29784659 | doi=10.1242/dmm.035055 | pmc=5992608 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29784659  }} </ref>
*[[Sleep deprivation]] and [[stress]] are also thought to impact the proper functioning of the [[brain]] [[cells]], so it is important to get enough rest and avoid [[stressful]] activities.<ref name="pmid19300585">{{cite journal| author=Alhola P, Polo-Kantola P| title=Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance. | journal=Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat | year= 2007 | volume= 3 | issue= 5 | pages= 553-67 | pmid=19300585 | doi= | pmc=2656292 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19300585  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19755573">{{cite journal| author=Peavy GM, Salmon DP, Jacobson MW, Hervey A, Gamst AC, Wolfson T | display-authors=etal| title=Effects of chronic stress on memory decline in cognitively normal and mildly impaired older adults. | journal=Am J Psychiatry | year= 2009 | volume= 166 | issue= 12 | pages= 1384-91 | pmid=19755573 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040461 | pmc=2864084 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19755573  }} </ref>


Memory loss among seniors is not inevitable, but is a normal occurrence for many as the brain slows down. This is not the same thing as dementia. Mental functions involving normal activities, life experiences, common sense, and the ability to form reasonable judgments and arguments are not affected.
*Socializing is also believed to be beneficial for preventing [[memory]] loss.<ref name="pmid18511736">{{cite journal| author=Ertel KA, Glymour MM, Berkman LF| title=Effects of social integration on preserving memory function in a nationally representative US elderly population. | journal=Am J Public Health | year= 2008 | volume= 98 | issue= 7 | pages= 1215-20 | pmid=18511736 | doi=10.2105/AJPH.2007.113654 | pmc=2424091 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18511736  }} </ref>


Exercise, especially [[aerobic exercise]], helps combat or restore memory loss. Studies indicate that exercise lessens stress, increases blood flow, and stabilizes and deepens sleep patterns. Even walking a few times a week helps fight memory loss.
*[[Exercise]], especially [[aerobic exercise]], helps combat or restore [[memory]] loss. Studies indicate that [[exercise]] lessens [[stress]], increases [[blood flow]], and stabilizes and deepens [[sleep]] patterns. [[Walking]] a few times a week helps fight [[memory]] loss.<ref name="pmid24102028">{{cite journal| author=Bherer L, Erickson KI, Liu-Ambrose T| title=A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults. | journal=J Aging Res | year= 2013 | volume= 2013 | issue=  | pages= 657508 | pmid=24102028 | doi=10.1155/2013/657508 | pmc=3786463 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24102028  }} </ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 17:59, 21 March 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2] Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[3]

Overview

Measures for the primary prevention of amnesia include preventing brain trauma, managing stress, avoid alcohol abuse, manage stroke risk factors, good sleep habits, social integration, optimum nutrition and exercise routine.

Primary Prevention

  • Socializing is also believed to be beneficial for preventing memory loss.[5]

References

  1. Leclerc S, Lassonde M, Delaney JS, Lacroix VJ, Johnston KM (2001). "Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes". Sports Med. 31 (8): 629–36. doi:10.2165/00007256-200131080-00007. PMID 11475324.
  2. Ortega-de San Luis C, Ryan TJ (2018). "United states of amnesia: rescuing memory loss from diverse conditions". Dis Model Mech. 11 (5). doi:10.1242/dmm.035055. PMC 5992608. PMID 29784659.
  3. Alhola P, Polo-Kantola P (2007). "Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance". Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 3 (5): 553–67. PMC 2656292. PMID 19300585.
  4. Peavy GM, Salmon DP, Jacobson MW, Hervey A, Gamst AC, Wolfson T; et al. (2009). "Effects of chronic stress on memory decline in cognitively normal and mildly impaired older adults". Am J Psychiatry. 166 (12): 1384–91. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040461. PMC 2864084. PMID 19755573.
  5. Ertel KA, Glymour MM, Berkman LF (2008). "Effects of social integration on preserving memory function in a nationally representative US elderly population". Am J Public Health. 98 (7): 1215–20. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.113654. PMC 2424091. PMID 18511736.
  6. Bherer L, Erickson KI, Liu-Ambrose T (2013). "A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults". J Aging Res. 2013: 657508. doi:10.1155/2013/657508. PMC 3786463. PMID 24102028.

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