Alopecia classification: Difference between revisions
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'''The six major categories of non-scarring alopecia are''': | '''The six major categories of non-scarring alopecia are''': | ||
* '''Alopecia areata''': this can affect any part of the body. When it affects only a portion of an area of the body, it is called alopecia areata. When it affects the entire site, it is called alopecia totalis. When it involves the whole body, it is called alopecia Universalis. The etiology is unknown, but it might be related to an autoimmune disease.<ref name="pmid30502419">{{cite journal| author=Lee YB, Jun M, Lee WS| title=Alopecia areata and poliosis: A retrospective analysis of 258 cases. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 80 | issue= 6 | pages= 1776-1778 | pmid=30502419 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30502419 }} </ref> | * '''[[Alopecia areata]]''': this can affect any part of the body. When it affects only a portion of an area of the body, it is called [[alopecia areata]]. When it affects the entire site, it is called [[alopecia totalis]]. When it involves the whole body, it is called [[alopecia Universalis]]. The etiology is unknown, but it might be related to an autoimmune disease.<ref name="pmid30502419">{{cite journal| author=Lee YB, Jun M, Lee WS| title=Alopecia areata and poliosis: A retrospective analysis of 258 cases. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 80 | issue= 6 | pages= 1776-1778 | pmid=30502419 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30502419 }} </ref> | ||
* '''Anagen effluvium''': This is hair shedding that occurs during the anagen phase of the cell cycle. Seen in cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapeutic agents. | * '''[[Anagen effluvium]]''': This is hair shedding that occurs during the [[anagen phase]] of the cell cycle. Seen in cancer patients who are receiving [[chemotherapeutic agents]]. | ||
* '''Androgenetic alopecia''': is a pattern of hair loss that is affected by | * '''[[Androgenetic alopecia]]''': is a pattern of hair loss that is affected by [[hormones]] and [[genes]]. | ||
* '''Telogen effluvium''': results from shifting of hair growth cycle from the anagen phase towards the telogen phase. It may result from an illness like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Also, it can arise from stress like major surgery or severe psychological stress <ref name="pmid26833522">Nalluri R, Harries M (2016) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26833522 Alopecia in general medicine.] ''Clin Med (Lond)'' 16 (1):74-8. [http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74 DOI:10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/26833522 26833522]</ref>. Other causes include drugs, crash diet, poor feeding. <ref name="pmid30502414">Liu LY, King BA (2019) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30502414 Response to tofacitinib therapy of eyebrows and eyelashes in alopecia areata.] ''J Am Acad Dermatol'' 80 (6):1778-1779. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.037 DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.037] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/30502414 30502414]</ref> | * '''[[Telogen effluvium]]''': results from shifting of hair growth cycle from the [[anagen phase]] towards the [[telogen phase]]. It may result from an illness like [[hypothyroidism]] or [[hyperthyroidism]]. Also, it can arise from stress like major surgery or severe psychological stress <ref name="pmid26833522">Nalluri R, Harries M (2016) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26833522 Alopecia in general medicine.] ''Clin Med (Lond)'' 16 (1):74-8. [http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74 DOI:10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/26833522 26833522]</ref>. Other causes include drugs, crash diet, poor feeding. <ref name="pmid30502414">Liu LY, King BA (2019) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30502414 Response to tofacitinib therapy of eyebrows and eyelashes in alopecia areata.] ''J Am Acad Dermatol'' 80 (6):1778-1779. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.037 DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.037] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/30502414 30502414]</ref> | ||
* '''Tinea capitis''': the classical kind of tinea capitis (black-dots) causes non-scarring hair loss, unlike other types like kerion and favus. | * [['''Tinea capitis''']]: the classical kind of [[tinea capitis]] (black-dots) causes non-scarring hair loss, unlike other types like [[kerion]] and [[favus]]. | ||
* '''Traumatic alopecia''': This results from forceful traction of the hair. It is commonly seen in children and is similar to traction alopecia. Also, trichotillomania is a type of traumatic alopecia in which the patient pulls on his/her hair repeatedly. <ref name="pmid30501438">{{cite journal| author=Chen P, Chen F, Zhou B| title=The risk of dermatological toxicities of combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Cutan Ocul Toxicol | year= 2019 | volume= 38 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-111 | pmid=30501438 | doi=10.1080/15569527.2018.1553180 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30501438 }} </ref> | * '''[[Traumatic alopecia]]''': This results from forceful traction of the hair. It is commonly seen in children and is similar to [[traction alopecia]]. Also, trichotillomania is a type of traumatic alopecia in which the patient pulls on his/her hair repeatedly. <ref name="pmid30501438">{{cite journal| author=Chen P, Chen F, Zhou B| title=The risk of dermatological toxicities of combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Cutan Ocul Toxicol | year= 2019 | volume= 38 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-111 | pmid=30501438 | doi=10.1080/15569527.2018.1553180 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30501438 }} </ref> | ||
'''Scarring alopecia is divided into three major types''': | '''Scarring alopecia is divided into three major types''': | ||
* '''Alopecia mucinosa''': This occurs when mucinous material accumulates in the hair follicles and the sebaceous glands. The mucinous material causes an inflammatory response that hinders the growth of hair. | * '''[[Alopecia mucinosa]]''': This occurs when mucinous material accumulates in the hair follicles and the [[sebaceous glands]]. The mucinous material causes an inflammatory response that hinders the growth of hair. | ||
* '''Alopecia neoplastica''': This occurs when there is metastatic infiltration of the scalp hair with malignant cells. | * [['''Alopecia neoplastica''']]: This occurs when there is metastatic infiltration of the scalp hair with malignant cells. | ||
* '''Tinea capitis''': This is the inflammatory variety of tinea capitis (favus) or kerion, which is when the fungi cause abscess formation, which may culminate with scarring alopecia. | * [['''Tinea capitis''']]: This is the inflammatory variety of [[tinea capitis]] [[(favus)]] or [[kerion]], which is when the fungi cause [[abscess]] formation, which may culminate with [[scarring alopecia]]. | ||
* Other causes of hair loss that occurs with scarring or inflammation include [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], radiation therapy, and [[sarcoidosis]]. <ref name="pmid26833522">{{cite journal| author=Nalluri R, Harries M| title=Alopecia in general medicine. | journal=Clin Med (Lond) | year= 2016 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 74-8 | pmid=26833522 | doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74 | pmc=4954340 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26833522 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid26476248">Vary JC (2015) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26476248 Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis.] ''Med Clin North Am'' 99 (6):1195-211. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003 DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/26476248 26476248]</ref> Diagnosis of hair loss is partly based on the areas affected. <ref name="pmid26476248">Vary JC (2015) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26476248 Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis.] ''Med Clin North Am'' 99 (6):1195-211. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003 DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/26476248 26476248]</ref> | * Other causes of hair loss that occurs with scarring or inflammation include [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[radiation therapy]], and [[sarcoidosis]]. <ref name="pmid26833522">{{cite journal| author=Nalluri R, Harries M| title=Alopecia in general medicine. | journal=Clin Med (Lond) | year= 2016 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 74-8 | pmid=26833522 | doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74 | pmc=4954340 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26833522 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid26476248">Vary JC (2015) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26476248 Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis.] ''Med Clin North Am'' 99 (6):1195-211. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003 DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/26476248 26476248]</ref> Diagnosis of hair loss is partly based on the areas affected. <ref name="pmid26476248">Vary JC (2015) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26476248 Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis.] ''Med Clin North Am'' 99 (6):1195-211. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003 DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/26476248 26476248]</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 01:12, 29 January 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD
Overview
Alopecia can be subdivided into two main categories: non-scarring and scarring. Over all, non-scarring alopecia has a higher possibility of being reversible and having a better outcome while scarring alopecia is more likely to be irreversible and have a poorer outcome.
Classification
Alopecia may be classified according to the scarring into 2 subtypes/groups: non-scarring and scarring.
The six major categories of non-scarring alopecia are:
- Alopecia areata: this can affect any part of the body. When it affects only a portion of an area of the body, it is called alopecia areata. When it affects the entire site, it is called alopecia totalis. When it involves the whole body, it is called alopecia Universalis. The etiology is unknown, but it might be related to an autoimmune disease.[1]
- Anagen effluvium: This is hair shedding that occurs during the anagen phase of the cell cycle. Seen in cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapeutic agents.
- Androgenetic alopecia: is a pattern of hair loss that is affected by hormones and genes.
- Telogen effluvium: results from shifting of hair growth cycle from the anagen phase towards the telogen phase. It may result from an illness like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Also, it can arise from stress like major surgery or severe psychological stress [2]. Other causes include drugs, crash diet, poor feeding. [3]
- '''Tinea capitis''': the classical kind of tinea capitis (black-dots) causes non-scarring hair loss, unlike other types like kerion and favus.
- Traumatic alopecia: This results from forceful traction of the hair. It is commonly seen in children and is similar to traction alopecia. Also, trichotillomania is a type of traumatic alopecia in which the patient pulls on his/her hair repeatedly. [4]
Scarring alopecia is divided into three major types:
- Alopecia mucinosa: This occurs when mucinous material accumulates in the hair follicles and the sebaceous glands. The mucinous material causes an inflammatory response that hinders the growth of hair.
- '''Alopecia neoplastica''': This occurs when there is metastatic infiltration of the scalp hair with malignant cells.
- '''Tinea capitis''': This is the inflammatory variety of tinea capitis (favus) or kerion, which is when the fungi cause abscess formation, which may culminate with scarring alopecia.
- Other causes of hair loss that occurs with scarring or inflammation include systemic lupus erythematosus, radiation therapy, and sarcoidosis. [2] [5] Diagnosis of hair loss is partly based on the areas affected. [5]
References
- ↑ Lee YB, Jun M, Lee WS (2019). "Alopecia areata and poliosis: A retrospective analysis of 258 cases". J Am Acad Dermatol. 80 (6): 1776–1778. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.033. PMID 30502419.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nalluri R, Harries M (2016) Alopecia in general medicine. Clin Med (Lond) 16 (1):74-8. DOI:10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74 PMID: 26833522
- ↑ Liu LY, King BA (2019) Response to tofacitinib therapy of eyebrows and eyelashes in alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 80 (6):1778-1779. DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.037 PMID: 30502414
- ↑ Chen P, Chen F, Zhou B (2019). "The risk of dermatological toxicities of combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 38 (2): 105–111. doi:10.1080/15569527.2018.1553180. PMID 30501438.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Vary JC (2015) Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis. Med Clin North Am 99 (6):1195-211. DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003 PMID: 26476248