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{{Allergic colitis}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Allergic colitis was first described by Kaijser in 1937. Allergic [[proctocolitis]] was described by Rubin in 1940. In the 1960s, Gryboski subsequently described [[proctocolitis]] and [[enterocolitis]].
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
The first description of eosinophilic colitis was made by
*Allergic colitis was first described by Kaijser in 1937.<ref name="pmid19525875">{{cite journal| author=Behjati S, Zilbauer M, Heuschkel R, Phillips A, Salvestrini C, Torrente F et al.| title=Defining eosinophilic colitis in children: insights from a retrospective case series. | journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 2 | pages= 208-15 | pmid=19525875 | doi=10.1097/MPG.0b013e31818de373 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19525875  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24131740">{{cite journal| author=Lozinsky AC, Morais MB| title=Eosinophilic colitis in infants. | journal=J Pediatr (Rio J) | year= 2014 | volume= 90 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-21 | pmid=24131740 | doi=10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.024 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24131740  }} </ref>
Kaijser in 1937.43 Allergic proctocolitis was described by
*In 1940, Rubin also described allergic [[proctocolitis]].<ref name="pmid24131740">{{cite journal| author=Lozinsky AC, Morais MB| title=Eosinophilic colitis in infants. | journal=J Pediatr (Rio J) | year= 2014 | volume= 90 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-21 | pmid=24131740 | doi=10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.024 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24131740  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24686278">{{cite journal| author=Katz Y, Goldberg MR| title=Natural history of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 229-39 | pmid=24686278 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000053 | pmc=4011630 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24686278  }} </ref>
Rubin in 1940 and subsequently by Grybosky in the 1960s.
*In 1966 and 1967, Gryboski published the first case series of cow milk induced colitis in neonates.<ref name="pmid24686277">{{cite journal| author=Mehr S, Frith K, Campbell DE| title=Epidemiology of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 208-16 | pmid=24686277 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000056 | pmc=4011623 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24686277  }} </ref><ref name="pmid5952833">{{cite journal| author=Gryboski JD, Burkle F, Hillman R| title=Milk induced colitis in an infant. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 1966 | volume= 38 | issue= 2 | pages= 299-302 | pmid=5952833 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5952833  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6071957">{{cite journal| author=Gryboski JD| title=Gastrointestinal milk allergy in infants. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 1967 | volume= 40 | issue= 3 | pages= 354-62 | pmid=6071957 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6071957  }} </ref>
They manifest as inflammatory changes of the colon and rectum,
*In the 1970s, Powell described [[Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP)|food induced enterocolitis]] following cow milk and soy milk introduction in young infants.<ref name="pmid24686277">{{cite journal| author=Mehr S, Frith K, Campbell DE| title=Epidemiology of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 208-16 | pmid=24686277 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000056 | pmc=4011623 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24686277  }} </ref><ref name="pmid944766">{{cite journal| author=Powell GK| title=Enterocolitis in low-birth-weight infants associated with milk and soy protein intolerance. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1976 | volume= 88 | issue= 5 | pages= 840-4 | pmid=944766 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=944766  }} </ref><ref name="pmid568171">{{cite journal| author=Powell GK| title=Milk- and soy-induced enterocolitis of infancy. Clinical features and standardization of challenge. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1978 | volume= 93 | issue= 4 | pages= 553-60 | pmid=568171 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=568171  }} </ref>
secondary to immune reactions triggered by ingestion
*Gryboski and Powell described acute severe symptoms following re-exposure to cow milk formula after an initial period of avoidance.<ref name="pmid24686277">{{cite journal| author=Mehr S, Frith K, Campbell DE| title=Epidemiology of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 208-16 | pmid=24686277 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000056 | pmc=4011623 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24686277  }} </ref>
of food proteins
*In 1982, McDonald et al. first used the term food induced enterocolitis (FIE) to describe cow milk/soy protein induced enterocolitis and subsequently modified the nomenclature in 1984 to [[Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP)|food protein-induced enterocolitis (FPIE)]].<ref name="pmid24686277">{{cite journal| author=Mehr S, Frith K, Campbell DE| title=Epidemiology of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 208-16 | pmid=24686277 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000056 | pmc=4011623 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24686277  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6540862">{{cite journal| author=McDonald PJ, Goldblum RM, Van Sickle GJ, Powell GK| title=Food protein-induced enterocolitis: altered antibody response to ingested antigen. | journal=Pediatr Res | year= 1984 | volume= 18 | issue= 8 | pages= 751-5 | pmid=6540862 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6540862  }} </ref>
 
*In 1998, Sicherer et al. suggested food protein-induced enterocolitis be called a syndrome, recognizing the disease was characterized by a constellation of shared clinical and laboratory features.<ref name="pmid24686277">{{cite journal| author=Mehr S, Frith K, Campbell DE| title=Epidemiology of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 208-16 | pmid=24686277 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000056 | pmc=4011623 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24686277  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9709708">{{cite journal| author=Sicherer SH, Eigenmann PA, Sampson HA| title=Clinical features of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1998 | volume= 133 | issue= 2 | pages= 214-9 | pmid=9709708 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9709708  }} </ref>
 
 
Gryboski [1] published the first case series of food protein enterocolitis to cow milk formula in neonates. Unlike cow milk proctocolitis, infants were unwell with prolonged diarrhea and vomiting after drinking cow milk formula for days to weeks. Frank or occult blood in the stools and anemia were noted in all cases, and half of the infants were failing to thrive on presentation [2,3]. Rectal biopsies showed either a slight infiltrate of lymphocytes/plasma cells or profuse polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, crypt abscess formation and mucosal injury [1].Almost 10 years later, Powell [2,3] described the same condition following cow milk formula introduction in a smaller cohort, most of whom were neonates. Additionally, she noted some cases had abdominal distension, hypothermia, peripheral blood neutrophilia, and stools frequently contained a mixture of inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. Both authors reported if reexposure to cow milk formula occurred after a brief period of abstinence, some infants presented acutely with profuse vomiting and diarrhea, cardiovascular collapse and neutrophilia usually 2 h after ingestion [1,3]. Powell [2,3] further recognized many infants with chronic cow milk enterocolitis also had an acute or chronic enterocolitis reaction once exposed to soy formula.McDonald et al.[4] first coined the term food protein-induced enterocolitis (FPIE), recognizing cow milk/soy protein likely triggered the reaction and that chronic exposure to the food protein was required to cause intestinal injury. Two years later the same authors reported three cases of acute egg enterocolitis in infants with cow milk/soy enterocolitis, but with no prior history of egg ingestion [5]. Some 20 years earlier, Ikola [6] had published a case of an infant with acute rice and wheat enterocolitis, following initial introduction of these foods. These early studies highlighted that acute reactions could occur without previous chronic exposure or enterocolitis and other food proteins apart from cow milk/soy could trigger acute reactions.
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Sicherer et al.[7] suggested the disorder be called a syndrome, recognizing the disease was characterized by a constellation of shared clinical and laboratory features. Thus, FPIE became FPIES. Two distinct phenotypes of the disorder are recognized, acute and chronic FPIES, with the latter representative of the disorder first reported by Gryboski [1]. The differences between these two clinical phenotypes have been reviewed elsewhere [8]. To date, only cow milk/soy have been documented to cause chronic FPIES [1–3,9,10], whereas a range of foods has been reported to cause acute FPIES.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:InfectiousDisease]]
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Latest revision as of 15:10, 1 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Qasim Salau, M.B.B.S., FMCPaed [2]

Overview

Allergic colitis was first described by Kaijser in 1937. Allergic proctocolitis was described by Rubin in 1940. In the 1960s, Gryboski subsequently described proctocolitis and enterocolitis.

Historical Perspective

  • Allergic colitis was first described by Kaijser in 1937.[1][2]
  • In 1940, Rubin also described allergic proctocolitis.[2][3]
  • In 1966 and 1967, Gryboski published the first case series of cow milk induced colitis in neonates.[4][5][6]
  • In the 1970s, Powell described food induced enterocolitis following cow milk and soy milk introduction in young infants.[4][7][8]
  • Gryboski and Powell described acute severe symptoms following re-exposure to cow milk formula after an initial period of avoidance.[4]
  • In 1982, McDonald et al. first used the term food induced enterocolitis (FIE) to describe cow milk/soy protein induced enterocolitis and subsequently modified the nomenclature in 1984 to food protein-induced enterocolitis (FPIE).[4][9]
  • In 1998, Sicherer et al. suggested food protein-induced enterocolitis be called a syndrome, recognizing the disease was characterized by a constellation of shared clinical and laboratory features.[4][10]

References

  1. ↑ Behjati S, Zilbauer M, Heuschkel R, Phillips A, Salvestrini C, Torrente F; et al. (2009). "Defining eosinophilic colitis in children: insights from a retrospective case series". J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 49 (2): 208–15. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31818de373. PMID 19525875.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lozinsky AC, Morais MB (2014). "Eosinophilic colitis in infants". J Pediatr (Rio J). 90 (1): 16–21. doi:10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.024. PMID 24131740.
  3. ↑ Katz Y, Goldberg MR (2014). "Natural history of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome". Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 14 (3): 229–39. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000053. PMC 4011630. PMID 24686278.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Mehr S, Frith K, Campbell DE (2014). "Epidemiology of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome". Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 14 (3): 208–16. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000056. PMC 4011623. PMID 24686277.
  5. ↑ Gryboski JD, Burkle F, Hillman R (1966). "Milk induced colitis in an infant". Pediatrics. 38 (2): 299–302. PMID 5952833.
  6. ↑ Gryboski JD (1967). "Gastrointestinal milk allergy in infants". Pediatrics. 40 (3): 354–62. PMID 6071957.
  7. ↑ Powell GK (1976). "Enterocolitis in low-birth-weight infants associated with milk and soy protein intolerance". J Pediatr. 88 (5): 840–4. PMID 944766.
  8. ↑ Powell GK (1978). "Milk- and soy-induced enterocolitis of infancy. Clinical features and standardization of challenge". J Pediatr. 93 (4): 553–60. PMID 568171.
  9. ↑ McDonald PJ, Goldblum RM, Van Sickle GJ, Powell GK (1984). "Food protein-induced enterocolitis: altered antibody response to ingested antigen". Pediatr Res. 18 (8): 751–5. PMID 6540862.
  10. ↑ Sicherer SH, Eigenmann PA, Sampson HA (1998). "Clinical features of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome". J Pediatr. 133 (2): 214–9. PMID 9709708.
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