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{{Alcoholic liver disease}}
{{Alcoholic liver disease}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}}  
==Overview==
==Overview==
The [[incidence]] of alcoholic liver disease is very high among [[Alcoholic|alcoholics]], and those who consume excessive amounts of [[alcohol]]. It does still depend on the amount and type of [[alcohol]] consumed. The [[mortality rate]] is high in those who present with [[alcoholic hepatitis]] and those individuals whose disease has progressed to [[cirrhosis]]. The average age of presentation is between 40 and 50 years. The disease tends to progress faster in individuals of hispanic ethnicity and women are at greater risk of developing alcoholic liver disease than men.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*According to National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism the incidence of alcoholic liver disease is approximately 20,000 per 100,000 alcoholics and heavy drinkers.<ref name="The Epidemiology of Alcoholic Liver Disease">Mann RE, Smart RG, Govoni R. The epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Research and Health. 2003 Sep 22;27:209-19.</ref>
*According to National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism the [[incidence]] of alcoholic [[steatosis]] is approximately 20,000 per 100,000 [[Alcoholic|alcoholics]] and heavy drinkers.<ref name="pmid15535449">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mann RE, Smart RG, Govoni R |title=The epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease |journal=Alcohol Res Health |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=209–19 |year=2003 |pmid=15535449 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The [[prevalence]] of alcoholic liver disease is estimated to be 604 per 100,000 individuals within the age group of 25 to 44 years.<ref name="pmid15349801">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mandayam S, Jamal MM, Morgan TR |title=Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease |journal=Semin. Liver Dis. |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=217–32 |year=2004 |pmid=15349801 |doi=10.1055/s-2004-832936 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8355385">{{cite journal |vauthors=Adams WL, Yuan Z, Barboriak JJ, Rimm AA |title=Alcohol-related hospitalizations of elderly people. Prevalence and geographic variation in the United States |journal=JAMA |volume=270 |issue=10 |pages=1222–5 |year=1993 |pmid=8355385 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The [[prevalence]] of alcoholic liver disease is estimated to be 948 per 100,000 individuals within the age group of 45 to 64 years.<ref name="pmid15349801">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mandayam S, Jamal MM, Morgan TR |title=Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease |journal=Semin. Liver Dis. |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=217–32 |year=2004 |pmid=15349801 |doi=10.1055/s-2004-832936 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9515756">{{cite journal |vauthors=Adang RP, Wensing JW, Stockbrügger RW |title=Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related liver disease in The Netherlands |journal=Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. |volume=225 |issue= |pages=70–4 |year=1998 |pmid=9515756 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11126726">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh GK, Hoyert DL |title=Social epidemiology of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis mortality in the United States, 1935-1997: trends and differentials by ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and alcohol consumption |journal=Hum. Biol. |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=801–20 |year=2000 |pmid=11126726 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.


===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
===Mortality rate===
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
*The 5-year [[mortality rate]] in patients suffering from well compensated alcoholic [[cirrhosis]] is approximately 58000 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid6971772">{{cite journal |vauthors=Borowsky SA, Strome S, Lott E |title=Continued heavy drinking and survival in alcoholic cirrhotics |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=80 |issue=6 |pages=1405–9 |year=1981 |pmid=6971772 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
*The 28-day [[mortality rate]] of patients suffering from [[alcoholic hepatitis]] ranges from a low of 20000 per 100,000 individuals to a high of 30000 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid352788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maddrey WC, Boitnott JK, Bedine MS, Weber FL, Mezey E, White RI |title=Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=193–9 |year=1978 |pmid=352788 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


===Age===
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
*[[Alcoholic hepatitis]] commonly affects individuals between 40 and 50 years.<ref name="pmid7018751">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mendenhall CL |title=Alcoholic hepatitis |journal=Clin Gastroenterol |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=417–41 |year=1981 |pmid=7018751 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5314524">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lischner MW, Alexander JF, Galambos JT |title=Natural history of alcoholic hepatitis. I. The acute disease |journal=Am J Dig Dis |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=481–94 |year=1971 |pmid=5314524 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.  
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].


===Race===
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
*Alcoholic liver disease usually progresses faster in individuals of the hispanic ethnicity. Caucasian individuals are likely to develop disease later.<ref name="pmid25702770">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levy R, Catana AM, Durbin-Johnson B, Halsted CH, Medici V |title=Ethnic differences in presentation and severity of alcoholic liver disease |journal=Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=566–574 |year=2015 |pmid=25702770 |pmc=4348235 |doi=10.1111/acer.12660 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11505049">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stinson FS, Grant BF, Dufour MC |title=The critical dimension of ethnicity in liver cirrhosis mortality statistics |journal=Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. |volume=25 |issue=8 |pages=1181–7 |year=2001 |pmid=11505049 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7475037">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caetano R, Kaskutas LA |title=Changes in drinking patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics, 1984-1992 |journal=J. Stud. Alcohol |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=558–65 |year=1995 |pmid=7475037 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
 
===Gender===
===Gender===
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
*Women are at a higher risk to be affected by alcoholic liver disease than men.<ref name="pmid8621128">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker U, Deis A, Sørensen TI, Grønbaek M, Borch-Johnsen K, Müller CF, Schnohr P, Jensen G |title=Prediction of risk of liver disease by alcohol intake, sex, and age: a prospective population study |journal=Hepatology |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=1025–9 |year=1996 |pmid=8621128 |doi=10.1002/hep.510230513 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9462221">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Costa G, Tiribelli C, Manenti F, Sodde M, Saveria Crocè L, Sasso F, Pozzato G, Cristianini G, Brandi G |title=Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage. The Dionysos Study Group |journal=Gut |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=845–50 |year=1997 |pmid=9462221 |pmc=1891602 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
 
===Region===
===Region===
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
*[[Alcohol]] abuse is responsible for five percent (100,000 per year in 1996) of deaths occurring annually in the United States.<ref name="pmid9346762">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hoofnagle JH, Kresina T, Fuller RK, Lake JR, Lucey MR, Sorrell MF, Beresford TP |title=Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: executive statement and recommendations. Summary of a National Institutes of Health workshop held December 6-7, 1996, Bethesda, Maryland |journal=Liver Transpl Surg |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=347–50 |year=1997 |pmid=9346762 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].


===Developed Countries===
===Developed Countries===
 
*In western countries alcoholic liver disease is the second most common indication for [[liver transplantation]] in patients with [[chronic liver disease]].<ref name="pmid15819795">{{cite journal |vauthors=Burra P, Lucey MR |title=Liver transplantation in alcoholic patients |journal=Transpl. Int. |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=491–8 |year=2005 |pmid=15819795 |doi=10.1111/j.1432-2277.2005.00079.x |url=}}</ref>
===Developing Countries===
 
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 20:20, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]

Overview

The incidence of alcoholic liver disease is very high among alcoholics, and those who consume excessive amounts of alcohol. It does still depend on the amount and type of alcohol consumed. The mortality rate is high in those who present with alcoholic hepatitis and those individuals whose disease has progressed to cirrhosis. The average age of presentation is between 40 and 50 years. The disease tends to progress faster in individuals of hispanic ethnicity and women are at greater risk of developing alcoholic liver disease than men.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • According to National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism the incidence of alcoholic steatosis is approximately 20,000 per 100,000 alcoholics and heavy drinkers.[1]

Prevalence

  • The prevalence of alcoholic liver disease is estimated to be 604 per 100,000 individuals within the age group of 25 to 44 years.[2][3]
  • The prevalence of alcoholic liver disease is estimated to be 948 per 100,000 individuals within the age group of 45 to 64 years.[2][4][5]

Mortality rate

  • The 5-year mortality rate in patients suffering from well compensated alcoholic cirrhosis is approximately 58000 per 100,000 individuals.[6]
  • The 28-day mortality rate of patients suffering from alcoholic hepatitis ranges from a low of 20000 per 100,000 individuals to a high of 30000 per 100,000 individuals.[7]

Age

Race

  • Alcoholic liver disease usually progresses faster in individuals of the hispanic ethnicity. Caucasian individuals are likely to develop disease later.[10][11][12]

Gender

  • Women are at a higher risk to be affected by alcoholic liver disease than men.[13][14]

Region

  • Alcohol abuse is responsible for five percent (100,000 per year in 1996) of deaths occurring annually in the United States.[15]

Developed Countries

References

  1. ↑ Mann RE, Smart RG, Govoni R (2003). "The epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease". Alcohol Res Health. 27 (3): 209–19. PMID 15535449.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mandayam S, Jamal MM, Morgan TR (2004). "Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease". Semin. Liver Dis. 24 (3): 217–32. doi:10.1055/s-2004-832936. PMID 15349801.
  3. ↑ Adams WL, Yuan Z, Barboriak JJ, Rimm AA (1993). "Alcohol-related hospitalizations of elderly people. Prevalence and geographic variation in the United States". JAMA. 270 (10): 1222–5. PMID 8355385.
  4. ↑ Adang RP, Wensing JW, Stockbrügger RW (1998). "Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related liver disease in The Netherlands". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 225: 70–4. PMID 9515756.
  5. ↑ Singh GK, Hoyert DL (2000). "Social epidemiology of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis mortality in the United States, 1935-1997: trends and differentials by ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and alcohol consumption". Hum. Biol. 72 (5): 801–20. PMID 11126726.
  6. ↑ Borowsky SA, Strome S, Lott E (1981). "Continued heavy drinking and survival in alcoholic cirrhotics". Gastroenterology. 80 (6): 1405–9. PMID 6971772.
  7. ↑ Maddrey WC, Boitnott JK, Bedine MS, Weber FL, Mezey E, White RI (1978). "Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis". Gastroenterology. 75 (2): 193–9. PMID 352788.
  8. ↑ Mendenhall CL (1981). "Alcoholic hepatitis". Clin Gastroenterol. 10 (2): 417–41. PMID 7018751.
  9. ↑ Lischner MW, Alexander JF, Galambos JT (1971). "Natural history of alcoholic hepatitis. I. The acute disease". Am J Dig Dis. 16 (6): 481–94. PMID 5314524.
  10. ↑ Levy R, Catana AM, Durbin-Johnson B, Halsted CH, Medici V (2015). "Ethnic differences in presentation and severity of alcoholic liver disease". Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 39 (3): 566–574. doi:10.1111/acer.12660. PMC 4348235. PMID 25702770.
  11. ↑ Stinson FS, Grant BF, Dufour MC (2001). "The critical dimension of ethnicity in liver cirrhosis mortality statistics". Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 25 (8): 1181–7. PMID 11505049.
  12. ↑ Caetano R, Kaskutas LA (1995). "Changes in drinking patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics, 1984-1992". J. Stud. Alcohol. 56 (5): 558–65. PMID 7475037.
  13. ↑ Becker U, Deis A, Sørensen TI, Grønbaek M, Borch-Johnsen K, Müller CF, Schnohr P, Jensen G (1996). "Prediction of risk of liver disease by alcohol intake, sex, and age: a prospective population study". Hepatology. 23 (5): 1025–9. doi:10.1002/hep.510230513. PMID 8621128.
  14. ↑ Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Costa G, Tiribelli C, Manenti F, Sodde M, Saveria Crocè L, Sasso F, Pozzato G, Cristianini G, Brandi G (1997). "Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage. The Dionysos Study Group". Gut. 41 (6): 845–50. PMC 1891602. PMID 9462221.
  15. ↑ Hoofnagle JH, Kresina T, Fuller RK, Lake JR, Lucey MR, Sorrell MF, Beresford TP (1997). "Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: executive statement and recommendations. Summary of a National Institutes of Health workshop held December 6-7, 1996, Bethesda, Maryland". Liver Transpl Surg. 3 (3): 347–50. PMID 9346762.
  16. ↑ Burra P, Lucey MR (2005). "Liver transplantation in alcoholic patients". Transpl. Int. 18 (5): 491–8. doi:10.1111/j.1432-2277.2005.00079.x. PMID 15819795.

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