Acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnostic criteria

Acute respiratory distress syndrome Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Acute respiratory distress syndrome from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic study of choice
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
Echocardiography
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Mechanical Ventilation Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnostic criteria On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnostic criteria All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnostic criteria
CDC on Acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnostic criteria
Acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnostic criteria in the news
Blogs on Acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnostic criteria
Directions to Hospitals Treating Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnostic criteria

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Brian Shaller, M.D. [2]

Overview

Established by the the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine in 2012, the Berlin definition is the most current set of diagnostic criteria for ARDS.

Diagnostic criteria

The Berlin Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The diagnosis of ARDS is made when the following criteria are met:

The Berlin Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Timing	❑ Within 1 week of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms
Chest imaging a	❑ Bilateral opacities – not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules
Origin of edema	❑ Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload ❑ Need objective assessment (e.g., echocardiography) to exclude hydrostatic edema if no risk factor present (see below)
Oxygenation b
Mild	❑ 200 mm Hg < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mm Hg with PEEP or CPAP ≥ 5 cm H2O c
Moderate	❑ 100 mm Hg < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 mm Hg with PEEP ≥ 5 cm H2O
Severe	❑ PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 100 mm Hg with PEEP ≥ 5 cm H2O
a Chest radiograph or computed tomography scan. b If altitude is higher than 1000 m, the correction factor should be calculated as follows: [PaO2/FIO2 × (barometric pressure/760)]. c This may be delivered noninvasively in the mild ARDS group.

Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Direct	Indirect
Pneumonia Aspiration of gastric contents Inhalational injury Pulmonary contusion Pulmonary vasculitis Drowning	Non-pulmonary sepsis Major trauma Pancreatitis Severe burns Non-cardiogenic shock Drug overdose Multiple transfusions or transfusion-associated acute lung injury (TRALI)