Acute pancreatitis diagnostic criteria
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
According to the American college of Gastroenterology, the diagnosis of AP is most often established by the presence of two of the three following criteria: abdominal pain consistent with the disease, serum amylase and/or lipase greater than three times the upper limit of normal, and/or characteristic findings from abdominal imaging. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CECT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pancreas should be reserved for patients in whom the diagnosis is unclear or who fail to improve clinically within the first 48-72h after hospital admission. Ranson criteria may be used to predict the severity of acute pancreatitis. If the score >=3, severe pancreatitis is likely to be present.
Diagnosis
According to the American college of gastroenterology, following are the diagnostic guidelines for acute pancreatitis:[1]
| Recommendation | Evidence Level | Strength of Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| The diagnosis of AP is most often established by the presence of two of the three following criteria: (i) abdominal pain consistent with the disease, (ii) serum amylase and/or lipase greater than three times the upper limit of normal, and/or (iii) characteristic findings from abdominal imaging. | Moderate | Strong |
| Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CECT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pancreas should be reserved for patients in whom the diagnosis is unclear or who fail to improve clinically within the first 48-72h after hospital admission. | Low | Strong |
| Transabdominal ultrasound should be performed in all patients with acute pancreatitis | Low | Strong |
| In the absence of gallstones and/or history of significant history of alcohol use, a serum triglyceride should be obtained and considered the etiology if >1,000 mg/dl | Moderate | Conditional |
| In a patient older than 40 years, a pancreatic tumor should be considered as a possible cause of acute pancreatitis | Low | Conditional |
| Endoscopic investigation in patients with acute idiopathic pancreatitis should be limited, as the risks and benefits of investigation in these patients are unclear | Low | Conditional |
| Patients with idiopathic pancreatitis should be referred to centers of expertise | Low | Conditional |
| Genetic testing may be considered in young patients (<30 years old) if no cause is evident and a family history of pancreatic disease is present | Low | Conditional |
Ranson criteria for gallstone pancreatitis
At admission:
- Age in years > 70 years[2]
- White blood cell count > 18000 cells/mm3
- Blood glucose > 12.2 mmol/L (> 220 mg/dL)
- Serum AST > 250 IU/L
- Serum LDH > 400 IU/L
At 48 hours:
- Hematocrit fall > 10%[3]
- Calcium (serum calcium < 2.0 mmol/L (< 8.0 mg/dL)
- Oxygen (hypoxemia PO2 < 60 mmHg)
- BUN increased by 1.8 or more mmol/L (5 or more mg/dL) after IV fluid hydration
- Base deficit (negative base excess) > 5 mEq/L
- Sequestration of fluids > 4 L
References
- ↑ Malka D, Rosa-Hézode I (2001). "[Positive and etiological diagnosis of acute pancreatitis]". Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. (in French). 25 (1 Suppl): 1S153–68. PMID 11223588.
- ↑ Basit H, Ruan GJ, Mukherjee S. PMID 29493970. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Leppäniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A, Segovia-Lohse H, Gamberini E, Kirkpatrick AW, Ball CG, Parry N, Sartelli M, Wolbrink D, van Goor H, Baiocchi G, Ansaloni L, Biffl W, Coccolini F, Di Saverio S, Kluger Y, Moore E, Catena F (2019). "2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis". World J Emerg Surg. 14: 27. doi:10.1186/s13017-019-0247-0. PMC 6567462 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31210778.