Acute monocytic leukemia: Difference between revisions

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   MeshID        = D007948 |
   MeshID        = D007948 |
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{{Search infobox}}
{{Acute monocytic leukemia}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


{{SK}} AMoL; AML-M5
{{SK}} AMoL; AML-M5


==Overview==
==[[Acute monocytic leukemia overview|Overview]]==
'''Acute monocytic leukemia''' is considered a type of [[acute myeloid leukemia]].


==Classification==
==[[Acute monocytic leukemia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
A further subclassification (M5a versus M5b) is made depending on whether the monocytic cells are predominantly monoblasts (>80%) ('''acute monoblastic leukemia''') or a mixture of monoblasts and promonocytes (<80% blasts).


==Pathophysiology==
==[[Acute monocytic leukemia classification|Classification]]==
===Genetics===
M5 is associated with characteristic chromosomal abnormalities, often involving 11q23 or t(9;11)affecting the MLL locus, however the MLL translocation is also found in other AML subtypes. MLL is believed to be prognostically unfavorable in AML-M5 compared to other genetic alterations involving MLL such as t(9;11) The t(8;16) translocation in MLL is associated with hemophagocytosis.
===Immunology===
Immunophenotypically, M5-AML variably express myeloid ([[CD13]], [[CD33]]) and monocytic ([[CD11b]], [[CD11c]]) markers. Cells may aberrantly express B cels marker [[CD20]] and the NK marker [[CD56]]. Monoblasts may be positive for [[CD34]].


==Risk Factors==
==[[Acute monocytic leukemia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
AML-M5 is thought to be associated with exposure to epidophyllotoxins.
 
==[[Acute monocytic leukemia causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Acute monocytic leukemia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Acute monocytic leukemia from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Acute monocytic leukemia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Acute monocytic leukemia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Acute monocytic leukemia screening|Screening]]==
 
==[[Acute monocytic leukemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Diagnostic Criteria===
[[Acute monocytic leukemia criteria|Criteria]] | [[Acute monocytic leukemia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Acute monocytic leukemia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Acute monocytic leukemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Acute monocytic leukemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
In order to fulfill [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) criteria for AML-5, a patient must have greater than 20% blasts in the bone marrow, and of these, greater than 80% must be of the monocytic lineage.
===Laboratory Findings===
*Peripheral Smear
**[[Monoblasts]] can be distinguished by having a roughly circular nucleus, delicate lacy chromatin, and abundant, often basophilic cytoplasm. These cells may also have pseudopods. By contrast, promonocytes have a more convoluted nucleus, and their cytoplasm may contain metachromatic granules.
*[[Monoblasts]] are typically [[Myeloperoxidase|MPO]] negative and promonocytes are [[Myeloperoxidase|MPO]] variable. Both [[monoblasts]] and promonocytes stain positive for non-specific [[esterase]] (NSE), however [[Esterase|NSE]] may often be negative.
 
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
AML-M5 is treated with intensive chemotherapy (such as anthracyclines) or with [[bone marrow transplantation]].
[[Acute monocytic leukemia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Acute monocytic leukemia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Acute monocytic leukemia prevention|Prevention]] | [[Acute monocytic leukemia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Acute monocytic leukemia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
==References==
[[Acute monocytic leukemia case study one|Case #1]]
{{reflist|2}}


{{Hematology}}
{{Hematology}}

Revision as of 19:08, 21 September 2012

Acute monocytic leukemia
ICD-10 C93.0
ICD-9 206.0
MeSH D007948

Acute monocytic leukemia Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Acute monocytic leukemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: AMoL; AML-M5

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Acute monocytic leukemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Criteria | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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