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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Acute myeloid leukemia]] |
| {{Infobox_Disease |
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| Name = Acute monocytic leukemia |
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| Image = |
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| Caption = |
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| DiseasesDB = |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|C|93|0|c|81}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|206.0}} |
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| ICDO = |
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| OMIM = |
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| MedlinePlus = |
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| MeshID = D007948 |
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| }}
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| {{Search infobox}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| {{SK}} AMoL; AML-M5
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Acute monocytic leukemia''' is considered a type of [[acute myeloid leukemia]].
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| ==Classification==
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| A further subclassification (M5a versus M5b) is made depending on whether the monocytic cells are predominantly monoblasts (>80%) ('''acute monoblastic leukemia''') or a mixture of monoblasts and promonocytes (<80% blasts).
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| ==Pathophysiology==
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| ===Genetics===
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| M5 is associated with characteristic chromosomal abnormalities, often involving 11q23 or t(9;11)affecting the MLL locus, however the MLL translocation is also found in other AML subtypes. MLL is believed to be prognostically unfavorable in AML-M5 compared to other genetic alterations involving MLL such as t(9;11) The t(8;16) translocation in MLL is associated with hemophagocytosis.
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| ===Immunology===
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| Immunophenotypically, M5-AML variably express myeloid ([[CD13]], [[CD33]]) and monocytic ([[CD11b]], [[CD11c]]) markers. Cells may aberrantly express B cels marker [[CD20]] and the NK marker [[CD56]]. Monoblasts may be positive for [[CD34]].
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| ==Risk Factors==
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| AML-M5 is thought to be associated with exposure to epidophyllotoxins.
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| ===Diagnostic Criteria===
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| In order to fulfill [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) criteria for AML-5, a patient must have greater than 20% blasts in the bone marrow, and of these, greater than 80% must be of the monocytic lineage.
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| ===Laboratory Findings===
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| *Peripheral Smear
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| **[[Monoblasts]] can be distinguished by having a roughly circular nucleus, delicate lacy chromatin, and abundant, often basophilic cytoplasm. These cells may also have pseudopods. By contrast, promonocytes have a more convoluted nucleus, and their cytoplasm may contain metachromatic granules.
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| *[[Monoblasts]] are typically [[Myeloperoxidase|MPO]] negative and promonocytes are [[Myeloperoxidase|MPO]] variable. Both [[monoblasts]] and promonocytes stain positive for non-specific [[esterase]] (NSE), however [[Esterase|NSE]] may often be negative.
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| ==Treatment==
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| AML-M5 is treated with intensive chemotherapy (such as anthracyclines) or with [[bone marrow transplantation]].
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{Hematology}}
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| {{Hematological malignancy histology}}
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| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
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| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Hematology]]
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| [[Category:Types of cancer]]
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| [[Category:Oncology]]
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