Acute flaccid myelitis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

  • In 2014, physicians in California and Colorado (USA) noted an increase in the number of patients presenting with the acute onset of flaccid paralysis and MRI findings consistent with lesions in the gray matter of the spinal cord.
  • In 2014, a total of 120 cases were identified in the US and 22 were identified in 2015
  • In 2016, 145 cases of AFM were diagnosed across the USA.

Classification

Causes

Clinical Features

Differentiating Acute Flaccid Myelitis From Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

Diagnosis Criteria
Confirmed
  • Acute onset of flaccid limb weakness

AND

  • An MRI showing a spinal cord lesion largely restricted to gray matter and spanning one or more spinal segments
Probable
  • Acute onset of flaccid limb weakness

AND

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with pleocytosis (white blood cell count 9 5 cells/mm3

Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgical Therapy

Prevention

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