Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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==Differential Diagnosis==
==Differential Diagnosis==
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!Disease
!Clinical manifestations
!Para-clinical findings
!Gold standard
!Additional findings
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|'''Viral encephalitis''' <ref name="pmid14978145">{{cite journal| author=Kennedy PG| title=Viral encephalitis: causes, differential diagnosis, and management. | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | year= 2004 | volume= 75 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= i10-5 | pmid=14978145 | doi=10.1136/jnnp.2003.034280 | pmc=1765650 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14978145  }}</ref>
|Can occur in any age characterised by fever and occasional prodromal illness
|Leukocytosis in blood; T2-weighted MRI shows multiple diffuse hyperintensities overlying the grey matter and white matter of bilateral cerebral cortices, and to a lesser extent the white matter, basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebellum; lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein and normal glucose in CSF.
|CSF analysis for viral cultures and serological assays
|History of recent travel, animal bites (lyme disease/rabies), contact with childhood exanthema and polio, high-risk occupations and drug abuse; skin rashes (VZV,Measles, Rickettsia). HSV may cause fronto-temporal signs, aphasia, personality changes and focal seizures while myelitis is seen in polio infection.
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|'''HIV encephalopathy'''
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|'''Multiple sclerosis'''
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|'''Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome'''
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==References==
==References==

Revision as of 10:43, 10 November 2022

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2]

Overview

Differential Diagnosis

Disease Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Viral encephalitis [1] Can occur in any age characterised by fever and occasional prodromal illness Leukocytosis in blood; T2-weighted MRI shows multiple diffuse hyperintensities overlying the grey matter and white matter of bilateral cerebral cortices, and to a lesser extent the white matter, basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebellum; lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein and normal glucose in CSF. CSF analysis for viral cultures and serological assays History of recent travel, animal bites (lyme disease/rabies), contact with childhood exanthema and polio, high-risk occupations and drug abuse; skin rashes (VZV,Measles, Rickettsia). HSV may cause fronto-temporal signs, aphasia, personality changes and focal seizures while myelitis is seen in polio infection.
HIV encephalopathy
Multiple sclerosis
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

References

  1. ↑ Kennedy PG (2004). "Viral encephalitis: causes, differential diagnosis, and management". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 75 Suppl 1: i10–5. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.034280. PMC 1765650. PMID 14978145.

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