Acute diarrhea history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

The hallmark of acute diarrhea is the sudden onset of 3 or more stools per day, lasting less than 2 weeks. The most common symptoms of acute diarrhea include increased frequency of bowel movements, abdominal pain, elevation of body temperature, symptoms of fluid loss (dark or scant urine, excessive thirst, dizziness, fatigue).

History and Symptoms

History

  • Water exposure:
    • Water is the main source for organisms that cause diarrhea.
    • Swimming pools have been associated with outbreaks of infection with Shigella species.
    • Aeromonas infection is associated with exposure to the marine environment.
    • Certain organisms are resistant to chlorination (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba), so exposure to contaminated water should raise the suspicion of infection with these pathogens.
    • Camping history with exposure to water sources may also suggest infection with Giardia.

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of acute diarrhea include:

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of acute diarrhea include:

References

  1. Greenwood Z, Black J, Weld L, O'Brien D, Leder K, Von Sonnenburg F, Pandey P, Schwartz E, Connor BA, Brown G, Freedman DO, Torresi J (2008). "Gastrointestinal infection among international travelers globally". J Travel Med. 15 (4): 221–8. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00203.x. PMID 18666921.
  2. Vernacchio L, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA, Lesko SM, Plaut AG, Acheson DW (2006). "Diarrhea in American infants and young children in the community setting: incidence, clinical presentation and microbiology". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 25 (1): 2–7. PMID 16395094.
  3. Fischer TK, Viboud C, Parashar U, Malek M, Steiner C, Glass R, Simonsen L (2007). "Hospitalizations and deaths from diarrhea and rotavirus among children <5 years of age in the United States, 1993-2003". J. Infect. Dis. 195 (8): 1117–25. doi:10.1086/512863. PMID 17357047.
  4. Talbert A, Thuo N, Karisa J, Chesaro C, Ohuma E, Ignas J, Berkley JA, Toromo C, Atkinson S, Maitland K (2012). "Diarrhoea complicating severe acute malnutrition in Kenyan children: a prospective descriptive study of risk factors and outcome". PLoS ONE. 7 (6): e38321. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038321. PMC 3366921. PMID 22675542.

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