Acute diarrhea historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The word "diarrhea" was coined by Hippocrates. Diarrhea is derived from the Greek term "to flow through." Diarrhea is a common manifestation of the gastrointestinal disease.

Historical Perspective

The historical perspective of the acute diarrhea is as follows:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

  • The word "diarrhea" was coined by Hippocrates.
  • Diarrhea is derived from the Greek term "to flow through." Diarrhea is a common manifestation of the gastrointestinal disease.
  • In 1898, Kioshi Shiga provided the first description of Shigella dysenteriae type 1, the bacteria responsible for bacterial dysentery.
  • In 1903, Conradi reported that extracts of Shiga's bacillus in paralyzed and killed rabbits.
  • Similar findings were published independently by Neisser and Shiga.
  • The research in the next 70 years showed the following:
    • The endotoxic activity associated with Shiga's bacillus from the activity of the protein Stx
    • The partial purification of Stx
    • The discovery that high iron concentrations inhibit Stx synthesis
    • The seminal observation by Bridgwater et al. and Howard that Stx appears to target vascular endothelium in the brain
    • The discovery by Vicari et al. that Stx is lethal for certain epithelial cells in culture

References

  1. "Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga: Discoverer of the Dysentery Bacillus | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic".
  2. "Overview and Historical Perspectives - Europe PMC Article - Europe PMC".
  3. "The neurotoxin of Shigella shigae. III. The effect of iron on production of the toxin. - PubMed - NCBI".
  4. "PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SHIGA TOXIN AND TOXOID. - PubMed - NCBI".
  5. "The neurotoxin of Shigella shigae: morphological and functional lesions produced in the central nervous system of rabbits. - PubMed - NCBI".
  6. "Observations on the intoxication produced in mice and rabbits by the neurotoxin of Shigella shigae. - PubMed - NCBI".
  7. "The action of the thermolabile toxin of Shigella dysenteriae on cells cultivated in vitro. - PubMed - NCBI".
  8. "Pathogenesis of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) dysentery. - PubMed - NCBI".
  9. "Role of Shiga toxin in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery, studied by using a Tox- mutant of Shigella dysenteriae 1. - PubMed - NCBI".

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