Abdominal pain causes

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Resident
Survival
Guide
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Abdominal pain Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Diffuse Abdominal Pain
Left Upper Quadrant
Left Flank
Left Lower Quadrant
Epigastric Quadrant
Umbilical Region
Pelvic Region
Right Upper Quadrant
Right Flank
Right Lower Quadrant
Intraperitoneal
Extraperitoneal

Differentiating Abdominal pain from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

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Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Abdominal pain

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

Life threatening causes of abdominal pain include acute peritonitis, bowel obstruction, diabetic ketoacidosis and testicular torsion. Other common causes of abdominal pain include appendicitis, constipation, dysmenorrhea and lactose intolerance.

Causes

Causes Based upon Location

Diffuse | Left Upper Quadrant | Left Flank | Left Lower Quadrant | Epigastric Region | Umbilical Region | Pelvic Region | Right Upper Quadrant | Right Flank | Right Lower Quadrant

Life Threatening Causes

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Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Anaphylaxis, aortic aneurysm, cholesterol emboli syndrome, chronic necrotizing vasculitis
Chemical / poisoning 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,4-dioxane, 1-propanol, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2-acetylamino-fluorene, 2-butoxyethanol, 2-hexanone, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-nitropropane, 4-aminopyridine, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 8-hydroxyquinoline, acetaminophen poisoning, acetic acid, acetonitrile, acetylandromedol, acetylene tetrabromide, aconitum, acrinathrin, acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, acute mercury inhalation, adiponitrile, alanycarb, albitocin, alcohol, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, alicyclic hydrocarbons, aliphatic amines, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrogenated hydrocarbons, allyl alcohol, allyl chloride, allylamines, allyxycarb, aloe poisoning, alpha-cypermethrin, aluminum phosphide, amanita phalloides, amanita polypyramis poisoning, amaranth, amidithion, amines, aminocarb, amiton, ammonium bifluoride, ammonium nitrate, amygdalin, amyl acetate, andromedotoxin, anthraquinone, antimony, arachnidism, aromatic amines, aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons, arsenic poisoning, arsenic trioxide, arsine, asphalt, athyl-gusathion, azalea poisoning, azinfosethyl, azinfos-methyl, azinphosmetile, azothoate, barium nitrate, barium, bendiocarb, benoxafos, benzene, benzoate, benzyl chloride, beryllium, beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioresmethrin, bipyridyl pesticides, bismuth, black locust poisoning, black nightshade poisoning, black widow spider bite, borates, boron hydrides, box thorn poisoning, bromide, bromophos, bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxim, buttercup poisoning, cadmium, cadusafos, calcium hypochlorite, calcium oxide, camphor, caper spruge poisoning, captan, carbamate insecticide poisoning, carbofuran, carbon disulfide, carbon monoxide toxicity, carbon tetrachloride, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, carmine, caspofungin, chlorate salts, chlordane, chlorfenvinphos, chlorinated benzenes, chlorinated naphthalenes, chlorobenzene, chlorodiphenyl, chloroform, chloropicrin, chloroprene, chloropyrifos, chokecherry seed poisoning, christmas cherry poisoning, chromium, cicutoxin, ciguatera poisoning, clitocybe dealbata, cloethocarb, coastal leucothoe poisoning, cobalt, cobra poisoning, coffeeweed poisoning, copper salts, copper toxicity, corsican hellebore poisoning, coumaphos, cresol, cyanthoate, cycad nut poisoning, cycasin, cyclochlorotine, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, cypress spurge poisoning, daffodil poisoning, deadly nightshade (solanum dulcamara) poisoning, deathdamas poisoning, decarbofuran, deltamethrin, demeton, demeton-methyl, devil's snuff box poisoning, dialifos, diazinon, dibromochloropropane, dichlorvos, dicresyl, dicrotophos, diethylene glycol, fluoride poisoning, grape seed extract, lead poisoning, oleander, parathion, pesticide, pyridine, snakebites, spider bite, tributyl phosphate
Dermatology Adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms, angioneurotic edema, Behcet's disease, Chiari-Frommel syndrome, chronic necrotizing vasculitis
Drug Side Effect Acetylsalicylic acid, acarbose, acipimox, acyclovir, alosetron, allopurinolaminocaproic acid, amlodipine and benazepril, ambenonium, amodiaquine, amphetamine abuse, amphotericin, anesthetic agent, antiarrhythmics, anticoagulants, antifungals, antihypertensives, antineoplastic agents, antiviral medication, aspirin, ativan withdrawal, atomoxetine, atovaquone, atovaquone-Proguanil, auranofin, azithromycin, aztreonam, basiliximab, benzodiazepine, bethanechol chloride, bezafibrate, bicalutamide, bosutinib, busulfan, butyrophenone, carbarsone, carbaryl, caspofungin, cefdinir, cefixime, cephalosporin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, cidofovir, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, cisapride, cladribine, clidinium, cyclopropane, clindamycin, clofibrate, codeine withdrawal, colchicine, contraceptive patch, cycloserine, cytarabine, dactinomycin, danazol, dantrolene, daptomycin, darvocet overdose, deferasirox, deferiprone, depo-provera, desmopressin,dexedrine overdose, didanosine, diflunisal, dimercaprol, donepezil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, drotrecogin alfa, dydrogesterone, ecallantide, enoxaparin, entacapone, elosulfase alfa, erythromycin, ethcathinone, etodolac, etonogestrel, etoposide phosphate, febuxostat, fesoterodine, flucytosine, flurbiprofen, fluvastatin, ganirelix, glyburide and metformin, halofantrine, hydroxychloroquine, idarubicin, imiglucerase, indinavir, interferon beta- 1b, irinotecan hydrochloride, isoniazid, itraconazole, ivacaftor, ivermectin, ketorolac tromethamine, lactulose, lanreotide, lansoprazole, lanthanum carbonate, levonorgestrel, loperamide, lopinavir, loprazolam, loratadine, magnesium citrate, mebendazole, medroxyprogesterone, megestrol, mercaptopurine, mesna, methimazole, methotrexate, methylphenidate, metronidazole, mifepristone, miglitol, misoprostol, moxifloxacin, muscarine, nafcillin, naltrexone, naproxen sodium, naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, natalizumab, neuromuscular-blocking drugs, niclosamide, nitazoxanide, norethindrone acetate and Ethinyl estradiol, norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol, octreotide injection, omeprazole, olsalazine, orlistat, oxcarbazepine, pantoprazole, paromomycin sulfate, pasireotide, pazopanib hydrochloride, papaverine, piroxicam, pegaspargase, pentamidine Isethionate, pentavalent antimonial, pentostatin, perindopril, phenazocine, permethrin, pirfenidone, potassium iodide, polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (pEG-ES), potassium bicarbonate, potassium citrate, praziquantel, prazosin and polythiazide, primaquine phosphate, procainamide, procarbazine, progesterone, propylthiouracil, protirelin, rabeprazole, rasburicase, rifaximin, ritonavir, roxithromycin, sacrosidase, sargramostim, saquinavir mesylate, saxagliptin, secretin human, siltuximab, simvastatin, sorafenib, sucralfate, sulfasalazine, sunitinib, thiotepa, tianeptine, tigecycline, tolmetin, topiramate, topotecan, trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, trastuzumab, tretinoin, triclofos, valacyclovir, vancomycin, vardenafil,vandetanib, vigabatrin, vinblastine, voriconazole, zafirlukast
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Addison's disease, adrenal crisis, adrenal disorders, adrenal gland hypofunction, adrenal hemorrhage, adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal insufficiency, Chiari-Frommel syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetic gastroparesis, diabetic ketoacidosis, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Abdominal cramps, abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome, abdominal mass, accessory pancreas, acute pancreatitis, appendicitis, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis, bacterial gastroenteritis, bowel obstruction, caecitis, carcinoid syndrome, celiac disease, Charcot's triad, cholangiocarcinoma, cholangitis, cholecystitis, choledochal cysts, choledocholithiasis, cholelithiasis, chronic erosive gastritis, curling ulcers, cushing ulcers, chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis, chronic infectious diarrhea, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, clostridial necrotizing enteritis, colitis, colorectal adenomatous polyposis, recessive, Colitis cystica profunda, colon cancer, familial, congenital lactase deficiency, congenital short bowel, colonic inertia, colonic polyps, colonic volvulus, colorectal cancer, Congenital hepatic porphyria, constipation, Crohn's disease, decreased intestinal motility, diarrhea, diverticulitis, duodenitis, dyspepsia, enteritis, epiploic appendagitis, gastric outlet obstruction, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal perforation, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, hemosuccus pancreaticus, ileitis, ileus, intestinal malrotation, intestinal pseudoobstruction, intussusception, irritable bowel syndrome, ischemic colitis, König's syndrome, Krukenberg tumor, malabsorption, Meckel's diverticulum, mesenteric ischemia, ogilvie syndrome, pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, peritonitis, porcelain gallbladder, proctitis, pseudomembranous colitis, pseudomyxoma peritonei, toxic megacolon, ulcerative colitis, volvulus, Whipple's disease, cholangitis,
Genetic Adult cystic fibrosis, Baber's syndrome, Brachmann-de lange syndrome, Caroli disease, celiac disease, chester porphyria, Chromosome 12, isochromosome 12p mosaic, chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome, chromosome 1p deletion syndrome, chromosome 22q deletion syndrome, Chromosome 9q deletion syndrome, colon cancer, familial, colorectal adenomatous polyposis, recessive, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, congenital aplastic anemia, congenital lactase deficiency, congenital short bowel, coproporphyria, hereditary, Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, Crohn's disease, desmoid disease, hereditary, Gilbert's syndrome, Marfan syndrome, periodic fever syndrome, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, Slone's disease
Hematologic Acute erythroleukemia, acute megacaryoblastic leukemia, acute myelofibrosis, acute myeloid leukaemia, acute non lymphoblastic leukemia, anemic, blood cancer, congenital aplastic anemia, congenital spherocytic anemia, porphyria
Iatrogenic Adjustable gastric band, cinchonism, postcholecystectomy syndrome, Roux-en-y syndrome
Infectious Disease African horse sickness, amoebiasis, ancylostoma duodenale, angiostrongyliasis, anguillulosis, anisakis, ankylostomiasis,anthrax, arcobacter infection, arenavirus, ascariasis, ascending cholangitis,, astrovirus, aseptic abscesses syndrome, astroviridae, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune oophoritis, babesiosis, bacillus cereus, bacterial gastroenteritis, bacterial septicemia, bartonella infections, balantidiasis, blastocystosis, Bornholm disease, bothriocephalosis, botulism food poisoning, brachylaima, burkholderia pseudomallei, campylobacteriosis, capillaria philippiensis infection, cat scratch fever, cestoda, clostridium difficile, Chagas disease, chandipura virus, chlamydial infection, chronic hepatitis c, chronic hepatitis, chronic infectious diarrhea, clonorchiasis, clostridial necrotizing enteritis, colibacillosis, Colorado tick fever, Colorado tick encephalitis, cryptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporiasis, cystitis, Dengue fever, dicrocoelium dendriticum fluke, diarrhea, diarrheagenic escherichia coli, dientamoeba fragilis, ebola, entamoeba histolytica, familial Mediterranean fever, fasciolopsiasis, fasciolosis, fungemia, fusarium, Giardia lamblia, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, Henipavirus, hookworm, hymenolepis infection, isosporiasis, leptospirosis, mycobacterium avium complex, norovirus, opisthorchis infection, paragonimus infection, Q fever, rheumatic fever, rocky mountain spotted fever, salmonellosis, scarlet fever, schistosomiasis, scombrotoxic fish poisoning, shigellosis, strongyloidiasis, toxocariasis, trichomoniasis, typhoid fever, vibrio vulnificus, viral hepatitis , whipworm infection, yellow fever, yersiniosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic Autonomic neuropathy, Charcot's triad, chronic fatigue syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic Amyloidosis AL, aniseed, C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, carbohydrate malabsorption, carageenan gum, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, cephalothoracic progressive lipodystrophy, chocolate, congenital lactase deficiency, congenital sucrose-isomaltose malabsorption, Cope's syndrome, coproporphyria, hereditary, pantothenic acid
Obstetric / Gynecologic Asherman syndrome, Autoimmune oophoritis, Braxton Hicks contractions, breech presentation, cervical cancer, contraceptive patch, ectopic pregnancy, endometrial cancer, endometriosis, menstruation, ovarian cancer, ovarian cyst, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, ovarian torsion, pelvic inflammatory disease, placental abruption, pregnancy, salpingitis, uterine fibroids, uterine rupture, uterine sarcoma
Oncologic Abdominal neoplasms, acute erythroleukemia, acute leukaemia, acute megacaryoblastic leukemia,acute myelofibrosis,acute non lymphoblastic leukemia, adenoma, islet cell, adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms,anal cancer, angiomyolipoma, appendix cancer, bile duct cancer, biliary tract cancer, bladder cancer, blood cancer, brinton disease, Burkitt lymphoma, carcinoid syndrome,cervical cancer, childhood liver cancer, primary, cholangiocarcinoma, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, collecting duct carcinoma, colon cancer, familial, colorectal cancer, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, liposarcoma, liver tumor, mesothelioma, sacrococcygeal teratoma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Aflatoxin,clupeotoxism, dexedrine overdose, hypervitaminosis A
Psychiatric Bulimia nervosa, childhood-onset bipolar disorder, depression
Pulmonary Allergies, alveolar hydatid disease, anaphylaxis, acquired angioedema, angioneurotic edema, aspiration pneumonia, basal pneumonia, Chilaiditi syndrome, Churg-Strauss syndrome, congenital bronchogenic cyst, decompression sickness, empyema, pleuritis, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, tuberculosis
Renal / Electrolyte Bright's disease, Burnett's milk drinker's syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, collecting duct carcinoma, congenital lactic acidosis, congenital megalo-ureter, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, Cope's syndrome, cystitis, hydronephrosis, hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, nutcracker syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, pyelonephritis, ureterocele,urinary tract infection
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Allergies, alpha heavy chain disease, anaphylaxis, acquired angioedema, angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia, angioneurotic edema, autoimmune oophoritis, autoimmune pancreatitis, autoimmune thyroid disease, Behcet's disease, celiac disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic necrotizing vasculitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, citric acid intolerance, collagenous celiac disease, diffuse systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Bladder cancer, prostate cancer, prostatitis
Miscellaneous African horse sickness, baking powder, foreign body, side stitch, capillary leak syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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Acute Abdomen

Common causes of acute abdomen include:

Chronic Functional Abdominal Pain

Common causes of CFAP stem from:

References

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