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Some literature sources have also cited it as the CD6 ligand (CD6L). It is expressed on activated T cells, activated monocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, melanoma cells, and also in sweat and sebaceous glands.[citation needed] CD166 protein expression is reported to be upregulated in a cell line deriving from a metastasizing melanoma.[3] CD166 plays an important role in mediating adhesion interactions between thymic epithelial cells and CD6+ cells during intrathymic T cell development.[citation needed]
Recently, CD166 has also been used as a potential cancer stem cell marker.[citation needed]
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Singer NG, Mitra R, Lialios F, et al. (1998). "CD6 dependent interactions of T cells and keratinocytes: functional evidence for a second CD6 ligand on gamma-interferon activated keratinocytes". Immunol. Lett. 58 (1): 9–14. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(97)02707-7. PMID9436462.
Cortés F, Deschaseaux F, Uchida N, et al. (1999). "HCA, an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule present on the earliest human hematopoietic precursor cells, is also expressed by stromal cells in blood-forming tissues". Blood. 93 (3): 826–37. PMID9920831.
Tomita K, van Bokhoven A, Jansen CF, et al. (2000). "Coordinate recruitment of E-cadherin and ALCAM to cell-cell contacts by alpha-catenin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267 (3): 870–4. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.2040. PMID10673383.
van Kempen LC, Nelissen JM, Degen WG, et al. (2001). "Molecular basis for the homophilic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)-ALCAM interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (28): 25783–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011272200. PMID11306570.
Kristiansen G, Pilarsky C, Wissmann C, et al. (2003). "ALCAM/CD166 is up-regulated in low-grade prostate cancer and progressively lost in high-grade lesions". Prostate. 54 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1002/pros.10161. PMID12481253.
Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R (2003). "Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry". Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (6): 660–6. doi:10.1038/nbt827. PMID12754519.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID14702039.
van Kempen LC, Meier F, Egeblad M, et al. (2004). "Truncation of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: a gateway to melanoma metastasis". J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 (5): 1293–301. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22531.x. PMID15140234.
Zimmerman AW, Nelissen JM, van Emst-de Vries SE, et al. (2005). "Cytoskeletal restraints regulate homotypic ALCAM-mediated adhesion through PKCalpha independently of Rho-like GTPases". J. Cell Sci. 117 (Pt 13): 2841–52. doi:10.1242/jcs.01139. PMID15169840.
Ikeda K, Quertermous T (2005). "Molecular isolation and characterization of a soluble isoform of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule that modulates endothelial cell function". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (53): 55315–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M407776200. PMID15496415.
Verma A, Shukla NK, Deo SV, et al. (2005). "MEMD/ALCAM: a potential marker for tumor invasion and nodal metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Oncology. 68 (4–6): 462–70. doi:10.1159/000086989. PMID16024937.
Lunter PC, van Kilsdonk JW, van Beek H, et al. (2005). "Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166/MEMD), a novel actor in invasive growth, controls matrix metalloproteinase activity". Cancer Res. 65 (19): 8801–8. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0378. PMID16204050.