]> 2026-07-31T14:08:24+00:00 WBR0532 0 en Memory loss and dysmetria The hippocampus and cerebellum are 2 very vulnerable regions in the brain that are usually first affected by ischemic brain injury. Injury to the hippocampus causes memory loss, and injury to the cerebellum causes dysmetria (abnormal finger-to-nose test on physical examination). Broca's aphasia and vision loss Patients with lesions of the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe present with Broca's aphasia and vision loss, respectively. The temporal and occipital lobes are not the most susceptible areas in the brain to ischemic injury. Disorientation and bell's palsy Disorientation is common in injury to the hippocampus; but injury to the brainstem with involvement of cranial nerve (CN) VII (facial nerve) to cause Bell's palsy is not as common as hippocampal and cerebellar injuries in ischemic brain injury. Deviated uvula and positive Romberg sign Although Romberg sign suggests cerebellar injury, deviated uvula is a sign of CN X (vagal nerve) injury in the brainstem. The brainstem is not considered one of the most susceptible regions of the brain during ischemic injury. Positive Babinski sign and muscle fasciculations Positive Babinski sign signifies lesion of the upper motor neuron (UMN); whereas muscle fasciculations signify lesions of the lower motor neuron (LMN). There is no reason in this patient to have LMN injury. As such, muscle fasciculations are an unlikely finding in this patient. Pathophysiology A 57-year-old man, with a history of type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, is brought to the emergency department in cardiac arrest. Following resuscitation and appropriate work-up, the patient is supported by venoatrial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for salvage therapy. Several days later, the patient wakes up; and a neurological examination demonstrates early hypoxic brain injury. What are the most likely findings on neurological examination in this patient? A Neurology 2020-10-28T00:52:39Z 2459150.5365625 WBR0532