Delirium tremens overview

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Delirium Tremens Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Delirium Tremens from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

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Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

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CT

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Delirium tremens is an acute episode of delirium that is usually caused by withdrawal or abstinence, from alcohol following habitual excessive drinking, or benzodiazepines or barbiturates (and other major tranquilizers).

Epidemiology and Demographics

Five percent of acute ethanol withdrawal cases progress to delirium tremens. Unlike the withdrawal syndrome associated with opiate addiction (generally), delirium tremens (and alcohol withdrawal in general) can be fatal. Mortality can be up to 35% if untreated; if treated early, death rates range from 5-15%.

Screening

Screening tools include the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the CAGE screening test.

Diagnosis

Electrocardiogram

To evaluate any electrolyte abnormalities causing electro physiological changes in the heart muscle.

CT

To evaluate any electrolyte abnormalities causing electro physiological changes in the heart muscle.

Treatment

Primary Prevention

Avoid or reduce the use of alcohol. Get prompt medical treatment for symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.

References

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