Cardiomegaly pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Pathophysiology
The left ventricle can be enlarged from two broad underlying conditions: dilation and hypertrophy.
- Left ventricular dilation can occurs as a result of volume overload. Conditions that cause volume overload can be further broken down as follows:
- Valvular Disease: More common underlying valvular heart disease conditions would include mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation.
- Congenital Heart Disease: Patent ductus arteriosus and a ventricular septal defect.
- High output states resulting in volume overload: anemia and thyrotoxicosis.
- High stroke volume states: Complete heart block and prolonged severe sinus bradycardia.
- Can occur as a result of ischemia and remodeling.
Pathology
Gross Pathology
![](/images/1/14/Biventricular_Hypertrophy.jpg)
![](/images/8/8d/Biventricular_Hypertrophy_1.jpg)
![](/images/4/44/Left_ventricular_hypertrophy_2.jpg)
![](/images/f/fa/Left_ventricular_hypertrophy_1.jpg)
![](/images/6/6c/Right_ventricular_hypertrophy.jpg)
![](/images/8/88/Right_ventricular_hypertrophy_1.jpg)
![](/images/5/5e/RVE_Hyalin_membran_disease.jpg)