Cystatin A

Cystatin A (stefin A)
PDB rendering based on 1cyu.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1cyu​, 1cyv​, 1dvc​, 1dvd​, 1gd3​, 1gd4​, 1n9j​, 1nb3​, 1nb5​
Identifiers
Symbols	CSTA ; STF1; STFA
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 3819
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Cystatin A (stefin A), also known as CSTA, is a human gene.

The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins, and kininogens. This gene encodes a stefin that functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor, forming tight complexes with papain and the cathepsins B, H, and L. The protein is one of the precursor proteins of cornified cell envelope in keratinocytes and plays a role in epidermal development and maintenance. Stefins have been proposed as prognostic and diagnostic tools for cancer.

Further reading

• Järvinen M, Rinne A, Hopsu-Havu VK (1988). "Human cystatins in normal and diseased tissues--a review". Acta Histochem. 82 (1): 5–18. PMID 3122506.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Brown WM, Dziegielewska KM (1997). "Friends and relations of the cystatin superfamily--new members and their evolution". Protein Sci. 6 (1): 5–12. PMID 9007972.
• Kos J, Lah TT (1998). "Cysteine proteinases and their endogenous inhibitors: target proteins for prognosis, diagnosis and therapy in cancer (review)". Oncol. Rep. 5 (6): 1349–61. PMID 9769367.
• Rinne A, Järvinen M, Räsänen O (1979). "A protein reminiscent of the epidermal SH-protease inhibitor occurs in squamous epithelia of man and rat". Acta Histochem. 63 (2): 183–92. PMID 107702.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Räsänen O, Järvinen M, Rinne A (1979). "Localization of the human SH-protease inhibitor in the epidermis. Immunofluorescent studies". Acta Histochem. 63 (2): 193–6. PMID 107703.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Rasmussen HH, van Damme J, Puype M; et al. (1993). "Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes". Electrophoresis. 13 (12): 960–9. PMID 1286667.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hsieh WT, Barrick JL, Berrettini WH; et al. (1991). "A PstI DNA polymorphism in the human stefin A gene (STF 1)". Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (7): 1722. PMID 1674139.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Madsen P, Rasmussen HH, Leffers H; et al. (1991). "Molecular cloning, occurrence, and expression of a novel partially secreted protein "psoriasin" that is highly up-regulated in psoriatic skin". J. Invest. Dermatol. 97 (4): 701–12. PMID 1940442.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hsieh WT, Fong D, Sloane BF; et al. (1991). "Mapping of the gene for human cysteine proteinase inhibitor stefin A, STF1, to chromosome 3cen-q21". Genomics. 9 (1): 207–9. PMID 2004763.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Rinne A, Järvinen M, Dorn A; et al. (1986). "[Low-molecular cysteine protease inhibitors in the human palatal tonsil]". Anatomischer Anzeiger. 161 (3): 215–30. PMID 2424340.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kartasova T, Cornelissen BJ, Belt P, van de Putte P (1987). "Effects of UV, 4-NQO and TPA on gene expression in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (15): 5945–62. PMID 2442723.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Takeda A, Kaji H, Nakaya K; et al. (1989). "Comparative studies on the primary structure of human cystatin as from epidermis, liver, spleen, and leukocytes". J. Biochem. 105 (6): 986–91. PMID 2768224.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strauss M, Stollwerk J, Lenarcic B; et al. (1989). "Chemical synthesis of a gene for human stefin A and its expression in E. coli". Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler. 369 (9): 1019–30. PMID 3067731.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Davies ME, Barrett AJ (1984). "Immunolocalization of human cystatins in neutrophils and lymphocytes". Histochemistry. 80 (4): 373–7. PMID 6429090.
• Machleidt W, Borchart U, Fritz H; et al. (1984). "Protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. II. Primary structure of stefin, a cytosolic protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes". Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 364 (11): 1481–6. PMID 6689312.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Söderström KO, Laato M, Wu P; et al. (1995). "Expression of acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor (ACPI) in the normal human prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma". Int. J. Cancer. 62 (1): 1–4. PMID 7541394.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Tate S, Ushioda T, Utsunomiya-Tate N; et al. (1995). "Solution structure of a human cystatin A variant, cystatin A2-98 M65L, by NMR spectroscopy. A possible role of the interactions between the N- and C-termini to maintain the inhibitory active form of cystatin A.". Biochemistry. 34 (45): 14637–48. PMID 7578072.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Martin JR, Craven CJ, Jerala R; et al. (1995). "The three-dimensional solution structure of human stefin A.". J. Mol. Biol. 246 (2): 331–43. PMID 7869384.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Steinert PM, Marekov LN (1997). "Direct evidence that involucrin is a major early isopeptide cross-linked component of the keratinocyte cornified cell envelope". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (3): 2021–30. PMID 8999895.