Cardiology overview peripheral arterial disease

Cardiology Overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

The ABI is a screening test for the assessment for the presence of PAD.

• Ratio of the ankle blood pressure divided by the highest brachial blood pressure
• Normal is 0.9 to 1.3
• The exercise ABI is done by having the patient stand on their toes repeatedly as exercies. The ABI is rechecked after exercise. This test is done if the patient has symptoms with exercise and a normal ABI at rest.

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) vs Stenting

• CEA is preferred in patients who impaired renal function who are at risk of contrast induced nephropathy, tortuous calcified aortoas, complex eccentric calcified lesions
• Stenting may be preferred in patients with high bifurcations where it is hard for surgeons to technically perform the surgery