Ventricular septal defect echocardiography
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor-In-Chief: Keri Shafer, M.D. [2], Atif Mohammad, M.D., Priyamvada Singh, MBBS
![](/images/7/79/Ventricular_Septal_Defect.jpg)
Echocardiography along with Doppler color flow mapping act as an important diagnostic tool in identifying ventricular septal defect (VSD). The different types of VSD on Echocardiography have the following features-
- Perimembranous VSD - septal dropout in areas of septal leaflet of tricuspid valve and below right border of aortic annulus.
- Anterior malalignment- appears below the posterior semilunar valve
- Subpulmonary VSD- Appear as ECHO dropout within outflow septum and extends to the pulmonary annulus.
- Inlet AV septal- extends from fibrous annulus of tricuspid valve into the muscular septum
- Muscular defect- can occur anywhere in the septum and could be small, large, single or multiple
ECHO also helps in calculating pulmonary and systemic flow from arterial velocity profile and cross-sectional area of great vessels. [1]
- ↑ Braunwald Zipes Libby. Heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine, 6th Edition chapter 43 : W.B. Saunders ; . pp 1505