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Introduction- Pediatric BLS

Pediatric Basic Life Support is a life-saving skill comprising of high quality CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) and Rescue Breadths with Artificial External Defibrillator (AED).

  • Bystander CPR - Bystander resuscitation plays a key role in out of hospital CPR. A study by Maryam Y Naim et all found out communities where bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation is practiced have better survival outcomes in children less than 18 years from out of hospital cardiac arrest.[1]
  • Two studies (Total children 781) concluded that about half of the Cardio-Respiratory arrests in children under 12 months occur outside the hospital.
  • Good Prognostic Factor upon arrival at the emergency department-
    • The short interval between arrest and arrival at the hospital.
    • Less than 20 minutes of resuscitation in the emergency department.
    • Less than 2 doses of epinephrine.
  1. Naim MY, Burke RV, McNally BF, Song L, Griffis HM, Berg RA; et al. (2017). "Association of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation With Overall and Neurologically Favorable Survival After Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States: A Report From the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival Surveillance Registry". JAMA Pediatr. 171 (2): 133–141. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.3643. PMID 27837587.

Causes of Cardiopulmonary arrest in children.

  • Ventricular Fibrillation
  • Pulseless Ventricular tachycardia
  • Children with preexisting cardiac disorders
    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    • Anomalous coronary artery (from the pulmonary artery)
    • Long QT syndrome
    • Myocarditis
  • Drug intoxication (eg, tricyclic antidepressants, digoxin, cocaine)
  • Commotio cordis [1]

References

  1. Ralston.M.E (2020).Pediatric basic life support for healthcare providers. In James F Wiley (Ed.), UpTodate. Retrived from https://www.uptodate.com/home

Algorithm

Changes made in the new AHA guidelines 2015

AED (Artificial External Defibrillator)

Airway management

Survival benefits of early high-quality CPR