Sandbox:AyeshaFJ

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Criteria for the diagnosis of SLE
Clinical features	Characteristics
1)Malar rash	Fixed erythema, flat or raised, sparing the nasolabial folds
2)Discoid rash	Erythematous raised patches with adherent keratotic scarring and follicular plugging.
3)Photosensitivity	Rash due to unusual reaction to sunlight.
4)Oral ulcer	Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers, which may be painless.
5)Arthritis	Non-erosive arthritis, involving >2 peripheral joints.
6)Serositis	Pleuritis or pericarditis
7)Renal disorder	Persistent proteinura ( >0.5g/24hrs) or cellular casts (red cell, granular or tubular).
8)Neurological disorder	Seizure or psychosis, in the absence of provoking drugs or metabolic derangement.
9)Hematological disorder	Haemolytic anemia or leucopenia (<4 x109) or lymphopenia (<1x109) or thrombocytopenia (<100x109) in the absence of offending drugs.
10)Immunological	Abnormal titre of Anti-DNA antibodies or presence of Sm antigen or positive antiphospholipid antibodies.
11)Anti-nuclear Antibody (ANA)	Abnormal ANA titre measured by immunofluorescence
Diagnosis of SLE is made in an adult if 4 out of 11 features are present either serially or simultaneously.