Sandbox:Hannan


Cortex	Product	Clinical manifestations		Dianosis				Gold standard	Other features
Cortex	Product	Symptoms	Signs	Blood & Urine	Histopathological	Imaging	Others	Gold standard	Other features
Adenoma	Aldosterone^[1]^[2]^[3]	Headache Vision problems Muscle cramps Muscle weakness & cramps Numbness Temporary paralysis Polyuria and polydipsia	Hypertension Refractory hypertension	Hypokalemia Alkalosis ↑ Plasma aldosterone ↓ Plasma Renin ↑ ARR	Single or multiple nodules Encapsulated Abundant clear cytoplasm Uniforming nuclei Histopathology may resemble: ZF (large, lipid-laden clear cells) ZG (small, compact cells with moderate amount of lipid) ZR (lipid-sparse cytoplasm)	Adrenal mass or nodule Unilateral or bilateral adrenal atrophy Hypodense mass (CT) Iso and low FDG uptake compared with liver (FDG PET/CT) Hyperintense on in-phase and hypointense on oppose-phase (MRI)	Fludrocortisone Suppression Testing Oral Sodium Loading Saline Infusion Testing Captopril test Adrenal venous sampling Posture test	Fludrocortisone Suppression Testing	Glucocorticoid-Remediable Aldosteronism responds to glucocorticoids Higher cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity
	Cortisol
	Sex steroids
	Mix
Carcinoma
Nodular Hyperplasia

References

↑ Schirpenbach C, Segmiller F, Diederich S, Hahner S, Lorenz R, Rump LC, Seufert J, Quinkler M, Bidlingmaier M, Beuschlein F, Endres S, Reincke M (May 2009). "The diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism in Germany: results on 555 patients from the German Conn Registry". Dtsch Arztebl Int. 106 (18): 305–11. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0305. PMC 2689591. PMID 19547646.
↑ Fallo F, Castellano I, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Rhayem Y, Pilon C, Vicennati V, Santini D, Maffeis V, Fassina A, Mulatero P, Beuschlein F, Reincke M (December 2017). "Histopathological and genetic characterization of aldosterone-producing adenomas with concurrent subclinical cortisol hypersecretion: a case series". Endocrine. 58 (3): 503–512. doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1295-4. PMC 5638684. PMID 28405879.
↑ Monticone S, Castellano I, Versace K, Lucatello B, Veglio F, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Williams TA, Mulatero P (August 2015). "Immunohistochemical, genetic and clinical characterization of sporadic aldosterone-producing adenomas". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 411: 146–54. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.022. PMC 4474471. PMID 25958045.