Sandbox:Amd

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Differential diagnosis

Abbreviations: COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

Causes of cyanosis Disease Clinical manifestations/association Diagnosis Comments Symptoms Signs Amount Fever Chest pain Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Respiratory Airway disorder Croup + + Epiglottitis + − − − − − Foreign body aspiration + + − − − − Airway trauma + + + ± − − Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments Parenchymal disorder Pulmonary embolism − + + − − − ABGs D-dimer CXR V/Q scan Spiral CT pulmonary angiogram Dyspnea Tachycardia Pleuretic chest pain Pneumonia − − − − − − ABGs Leukocytosis Pancytopenia CXR CT chest Bronchoscopy Shortness of breath Cough Asthma (Late) + − − − − − Cystic fibrosis ± ± − − − − COPD (Emphysema) ± + + Empyema ± + − − − Thoracentesis Chest X-ray Pleural opacity Localization of effusion Physical examination Crackles Egophony Increased tactile fremitus Disease Fever Weight loss Guarding Lab Findings Imaging Comments Chest wall disorders Flail chest − ± − − − − Pneumothorax − ± + − − − Hemothorax − + + ± − − Cardiovascular Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments Atrioventricular canal defect Epstein anomaly Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Pulmonary atresia Pulmonic stenosis Tetralogy of Fallot Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage Transposition of the great vessels Truncus arteriosus + + − + + + + − + + ± − + − − − − − + − − − Normal Normal ± − + ± − − Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments + − − + ± + + − + − − − − − + − − − + ± − ± ± Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments − − + ± − − Central Nervous system + + + + + + + + + ± + − + − − − Disease Fever Lab Findings Imaging Comments ± − − − − − − − − − − − − − + + − − Disease Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments Hematology + − − ± + + Miscellaneous Pleural empyema + − + − − − Pulmonary embolism ± − − ± − − Pneumonia + + − + − −

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