Sandbox:Amd

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Differential diagnosis

Abbreviations: COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

Causes of cyanosis Disease Clinical manifestations/association Diagnosis Comments Symptoms Signs Amount Fever Chest pain Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Respiratory Airway disorder Croup + + Epiglottitis + − − − − − Foreign body aspiration + + − − − − Airway trauma + + + ± − − Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments Parenchymal disorder Pulmonary embolism − + + − − − ABGs D-dimer CXR V/Q scan Spiral CT pulmonary angiogram Dyspnea Tachycardia Pleuretic chest pain Pneumonia − − − − − − ABGs Leukocytosis Pancytopenia CXR CT chest Bronchoscopy Shortness of breath Cough Asthma (Late) + − − − − − Cystic fibrosis ± ± − − − − COPD (Emphysema) ± + + Empyema ± + − − − Thoracentesis Chest X-ray Pleural opacity Localization of effusion Physical examination Crackles Egophony Increased tactile fremitus Disease Fever Weight loss Guarding Lab Findings Imaging Comments Chest wall disorders Flail chest − ± − − − − Pneumothorax − ± + − − − Hemothorax − + + ± − − Cardiovascular Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments + + − + + + + − + + ± − + − − − − − + − − − Normal Normal ± − + ± − − Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments + − − + ± + + − + − − − − − + − − − + ± − ± ± Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments − − + ± − − Central Nervous system + + + + + + + + + ± + − + − − − Disease Fever Lab Findings Imaging Comments ± − − − − − − − − − − − − − + + − − Disease Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments Hematology + − − ± + + Miscellaneous Pleural empyema + − + − − − Pulmonary embolism ± − − ± − − Pneumonia + + − + − −

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