Acute diarrhea historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The word "diarrhea" was coined by Hippocrates. Diarrhea is derived from the Greek term "to flow through." Diarrhea is a common manifestation of the gastrointestinal disease.
Historical Perspective
The historical perspective of the acute diarrhea is as follows:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
- The word "diarrhea" was coined by Hippocrates.
- Diarrhea is derived from the Greek term "to flow through." Diarrhea is a common manifestation of the gastrointestinal disease.
- In 1898, Kioshi Shiga provided the first description of Shigella dysenteriae type 1, the bacteria responsible for bacterial dysentery.
- In 1903, Conradi reported that extracts of Shiga's bacillus in paralyzed and killed rabbits.
- Similar findings were published independently by Neisser and Shiga.
- The research in the next 70 years showed the following:
- The endotoxic activity associated with Shiga's bacillus from the activity of the protein Stx
- The partial purification of Stx
- The discovery that high iron concentrations inhibit Stx synthesis
- The seminal observation by Bridgwater et al. and Howard that Stx appears to target vascular endothelium in the brain
- The discovery by Vicari et al. that Stx is lethal for certain epithelial cells in culture
References
- ↑ "Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga: Discoverer of the Dysentery Bacillus | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic".
- ↑ "Overview and Historical Perspectives - Europe PMC Article - Europe PMC".
- ↑ "The neurotoxin of Shigella shigae. III. The effect of iron on production of the toxin. - PubMed - NCBI".
- ↑ "PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SHIGA TOXIN AND TOXOID. - PubMed - NCBI".
- ↑ "The neurotoxin of Shigella shigae: morphological and functional lesions produced in the central nervous system of rabbits. - PubMed - NCBI".
- ↑ "Observations on the intoxication produced in mice and rabbits by the neurotoxin of Shigella shigae. - PubMed - NCBI".
- ↑ "The action of the thermolabile toxin of Shigella dysenteriae on cells cultivated in vitro. - PubMed - NCBI".
- ↑ "Pathogenesis of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) dysentery. - PubMed - NCBI".
- ↑ "Role of Shiga toxin in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery, studied by using a Tox- mutant of Shigella dysenteriae 1. - PubMed - NCBI".