Liver mass classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

Liver mass may be classified according to imaging features (hyperechoic vs. hypoechoic), histopathological origin (benign vs. malignant), and distribution (single/focal/solitary vs. multiple).

Classification

A liver mass may be classified into several subtypes based on number of nodules, type of histopathology, and consistency.

Liver mass

Based on number of nodules

Type of histopathology

Imaging/consistency

Solitary

Multiple

Benign

Malignant

Simple

Cystic

• WHO classification

WHO Classification of Liver Tumors
Benign Tumors			Malignant Tumors
Epithelial	Hepatocytes	Focal nodular hyperplasia Hepatocellular adenoma	HCC Fibrolamellar carcinoma Hepatoblastoma Carcinosarcoma
	Biliary cells	Intrahepatic bileduct adenoma Intrahepatic bileduct cystadenoma Biliary papillomatosis	Cystadenocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma
Non-Epithelial	Mesenchymal	Hemangioma Lymphangioma Lymphangiomatosis Angiomyolipoma Infantile Hemangioma	Hemangioendothelioma Primary lymphoma Angiosarcoma Epitheloid

• Cystic

Classification of Hepatic Cysts
Simple cysts Multiple cysts arising in the setting of polycystic liver disease (PCLD) Parasitic cysts Cystic tumors Cystadenoma, cystadenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma Abscesses

The table below summarizes the classification of common liver masses according to histopathological origin.

Classification of liver mass
Benign	Malignant
Hepatic hemangioma Focal nodular hyperplasia Hepatic adenoma Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension Nodular regenerative hyperplasia Angiolipoma Biliary cystadenoma Regenerative nodules	Hepatocellular carcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Metastatic disease Angiosarcoma Cystadenocarcinoma Primary lymphoma

References

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