Hernia

Hernia Landing page
Patient Information
Classification Inguinal hernia Femoral hernia Umbilical hernia Diaphragmatic hernia Incisional hernia Others
Differential Diagnosis
CNS Hernia Brain Hernia Lumbar Disc Hernia
Diaphragmatic Hernia Bochdalek Hernia Morgagni Hernia
Hiatal Hernia Sliding Hernia Paraesophageal Hernias
Lumbar Hernia Petit's Hernia Grynfeltt's Hernia
Abdominal Hernia Umbilical Hernia Epigastric Hernia Spigelian Hernia Incisional Hernia Amyand's Hernia Richter's Hernia Parastomal Hernia
Pelvic Hernia Inguinal Hernia Obturator Hernia Perineal Hernia Incisional Hernia Femoral Hernia Sciatic Hernia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and Keywords: Hernia, Congenital hernia.

Overview

Hernia is abnormal protrusion of an organ through another one. Hernias may be congenital or acquired. Based on the protruded organ and the location of the protrusion, the hernia would be classified into inguinal, femoral, umbilical, diaphragmatic, incisional, and other hernias.

Classification

Hernia

Brain

Diaphragmatic

Lumbar

Abdominal

Pelvic

Brain hernia

Hiatal hernia

Sliding hernia

Petit's hernia

Grynfeltt's hernia

Inguinal hernia

Obturator hernia

Perineal hernia

Femoral hernia

Sciatic hernia

Umbilical hernia

Epigastric hernia

Spigelian hernia

Incisional hernia

Amyand's hernia

Littre's hernia

Richter's hernia

Parastomal hernia

Differential Diagnosis

Location	Diseases	History and Symptoms						Physical Examination				Laboratory Findings			Definition
		Neurological		GI				Neurological		GI
		Confusion	Paresthesia	Dysphagia	Heartburn	Nausea	Bowel habits	Loss of Consciousness	Straight leg raise (SLR)	Mass protrusion	Tenderness/Rebound tenderness	Leukocytosis	CRP	ESR
Brain	Brain hernia			+
Diaphragmatic	Hiatal hernia	↑			-	-	-
	Sliding hernia		↓			-	-
Lumbar	Lumbar disk hernia					-	-
Abdominal	Umbilical hernia					-	-
	Epigastric herna	-	-
	Spigelian hernia
	Amyand's hernia
	Littre's hernia
	Richter's hernia
	Parastomal hernia
Pelvic	Inguinal hernia
	Obturator hernia
	Perineal hernia
	Femoral hernia
	Sciatic hernia

Abdominal hernias differential table based on location

Differential Diagnosis	Similar Features	Differentiating Features
Umbilical Hernia	On physical exam; reducible, visible with valsalva and disappears with laying flat, non- tender.	Location: Linea alba through weakened umbilical ring. Paraumbilical hernias through linea alba in the region of the umbilicus.
Epigastric hernia	On physical exam; reducible, visible with valsalva and disappears with laying flat, non- tender.	Location: Linea alba between umbilicus and xiphoid process.
Spigelian hernia	On physical exam; reducible, visible with valsalva and disappears with laying flat, non- tender.	Location: Semilunar line: along the lateral borders of rectus abdominis. Herniation typically occurs caudally (below arcuate line) due to absence of posterior rectus sheath.
Incisional hernia	On physical exam; reducible, visible with valsalva and disappears with laying flat, non- tender.	Location: Site of prior incision.