Alzheimer's disease other diagnostic studies
|
Alzheimer's disease Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Alzheimer's disease other diagnostic studies On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Alzheimer's disease other diagnostic studies |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease other diagnostic studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].
OR
[Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
Genetic testing
- Genotyping for Apolipoprotein E (APOE)† may be helpful in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although it is not routinely recommended.[1][2] Findings suggestive of Alzheimer's disease include:
- APOE ε-4 allele of APOE gene is positive
- APOE ε-3 and APOE ε-2‡ are positive
‡ although certain studies have shown the protective effect of APOE ε-2 on AD[3]
- Genotyping for the following may be helpful in the diagnosis of AD:
- Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)†
- Presenilin (PSEN) 1 and 2 gene
† APP is also activated by APOE[4]
References
- ↑ Petersen RC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Schaid DJ, Thibodeau SN; et al. (1995). "Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired individuals". JAMA. 273 (16): 1274–8. PMID 7646655.
- ↑ Mayeux R, Saunders AM, Shea S, Mirra S, Evans D, Roses AD; et al. (1998). "Utility of the apolipoprotein E genotype in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Disease Centers Consortium on Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's Disease". N Engl J Med. 338 (8): 506–11. doi:10.1056/NEJM199802193380804. PMID 9468467.
- ↑ Conejero-Goldberg C, Gomar JJ, Bobes-Bascaran T, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Herman MM; et al. (2014). "APOE2 enhances neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease through multiple molecular mechanisms". Mol Psychiatry. 19 (11): 1243–50. doi:10.1038/mp.2013.194. PMID 24492349.
- ↑ Huang YA, Zhou B, Wernig M, Südhof TC (2017). "ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 Differentially Stimulate APP Transcription and Aβ Secretion". Cell. 168 (3): 427–441.e21. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.044. PMC 5310835. PMID 28111074.