Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia risk factors

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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Aric C. Hall, M.D., [3] Shyam Patel [4]

Overview

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is diagnosed when the platelet count falls by > 50% typically after 5-10 days of heparin therapy. Increased risks for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia depends on type of heparin (unfractionated heparin > low molecular weight heparin), duration of therapy, females and type of patients (commoner in surgical patients that require large amount of heparin)

Risk factors

Factors that affect the risk of developing HIT are noted as follows.[1]

all.

  • Sex: Females have a higher risk than males. The odds ratio (OR) is 2.4:1.[2]
  • Race: African Americans are more prone to HIT than Caucasians.[2]

Protective risk factors include:

  • Use of low molecular weight heparin
  • Type of patient: Pediatric or obstetric patients have a lower risk than medical or surgical patients


Reference

  1. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JA, Sigouin CS, Kohlmann T, Eichler P, Greinacher A. Gender imbalance and risk factor interactions in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood 2006;108:2937-41. PMID 16857993.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lee GM, Arepally GM (2013). "Diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia". Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 27 (3): 541–63. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2013.02.001. PMC 3668315. PMID 23714311.

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