Amoebic liver abscess other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Other Diagnostic Tests
Needle aspiration
- Needle aspiration is used to differentiate between amoebic and pyogenic liver abscess
- The ultrasound and CT are used to guide percutaneous aspiration and drainage.
- The aspirated fluid is odorless unless secondarily infected
- The pathognomonic of the aspirate is the reddish-brown anchovy paste appearance, which indicates that the abscess has been present for weeks.
- The trophozoites are present only in the wall of the abscess. Rest of abscess is composed of lysed leukocytes.
Laboratory Method | Findings | ||
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Microscopy |
| ||
Wet (Saline) preparation
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Concentration Technique
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Permanently stained smears
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Culture Methods |
Disadvantage
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Isoenzyme analysis |
Disadvantages | ||
Antibody Detection Tests |
ELISA
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Antigen Detection Tests |
Disadvantage
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Immunochromatographic Assays |
Disadvantage |
DNA-Based Diagnostic Tests
- These tests are limited to developed countries in research and clinical laboratories.
- Fecal specimens for DNA analysis may be preserved by refrigeration or in a formalin, SAF or PVA fixative. Formalin preserves cysts, and PVA and SAF preserves trophozoites and cysts in wet mounts.[28][29]
- The sample medium which is used to transport amoebic DNA is ethanol and the reagent used for the preservation of fecal samples is 10% buffered formalin solution.[30]
- The following are the methods used for DNA extraction from fecal samples.
Laboratory Methods | Findings |
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Manual Methods |
QIAamp tissue kit
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Automated Methods |
MagNA Pure LC DNA isolation kit
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Conventional PCR |
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Real-Time PCR | |
Microarray Development | |
Typing Methods |
References
- ↑ Huston CD, Haque R, Petri WA (1999). "Molecular-based diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection". Expert Rev Mol Med. 1999: 1–11. doi:doi:10.1017/S1462399499000599 Check
|doi=
value (help). PMID 14987356. - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Tanyuksel M, Petri WA (2003). "Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 16 (4): 713–29. PMC 207118. PMID 14557296.
- ↑ Krogstad DJ, Spencer HC, Healy GR, Gleason NN, Sexton DJ, Herron CA (1978). "Amebiasis: epidemiologic studies in the United States, 1971-1974". Ann Intern Med. 88 (1): 89–97. PMID 619763.
- ↑ Li E, Stanley SL (1996). "Protozoa. Amebiasis". Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 25 (3): 471–92. PMID 8863036.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 González-Ruiz A, Haque R, Aguirre A, Castañón G, Hall A, Guhl F; et al. (1994). "Value of microscopy in the diagnosis of dysentery associated with invasive Entamoeba histolytica". J Clin Pathol. 47 (3): 236–9. PMC 501902. PMID 8163695.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Strachan WD, Chiodini PL, Spice WM, Moody AH, Ackers JP (1988). "Immunological differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of Entamoeba histolytica". Lancet. 1 (8585): 561–3. PMID 2894495.
- ↑ Fotedar R, Stark D, Beebe N, Marriott D, Ellis J, Harkness J (2007). "PCR detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii in stool samples from Sydney, Australia". J Clin Microbiol. 45 (3): 1035–7. doi:10.1128/JCM.02144-06. PMC 1829108. PMID 17229864.
- ↑ Lebbad M, Svärd SG (2005). "PCR differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar from patients with amoeba infection initially diagnosed by microscopy". Scand J Infect Dis. 37 (9): 680–5. doi:10.1080/00365540510037812. PMID 16126570.
- ↑ Núñez YO, Fernández MA, Torres-Núñez D, Silva JA, Montano I, Maestre JL; et al. (2001). "Multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar DNA from stool samples". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 64 (5–6): 293–7. PMID 11463120.
- ↑ Clark CG, Diamond LS (2002). "Methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance". Clin Microbiol Rev. 15 (3): 329–41. PMC 118080. PMID 12097242.
- ↑ Sargeaunt PG, Jackson TF, Wiffen S, Bhojnani R, Williams JE, Felmingham D; et al. (1987). "The reliability of Entamoeba histolytica zymodemes in clinical laboratory diagnosis". Arch Invest Med (Mex). 18 (2): 69–75. PMID 2889435.
- ↑ Blanc D, Sargeaunt PG (1991). "Entamoeba histolytica zymodemes: exhibition of gamma and delta bands only of glucose phosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase may be influenced by starch content in the medium". Exp Parasitol. 72 (1): 87–90. PMID 1825198.
- ↑ Jackson TF, Suparsad S (1997). "Zymodeme stability of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar". Arch Med Res. 28 Spec No: 304–5. PMID 9033111.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Haque R, Faruque AS, Hahn P, Lyerly DM, Petri WA (1997). "Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in children in Bangladesh". J Infect Dis. 175 (3): 734–6. PMID 9041357.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Haque R, Neville LM, Hahn P, Petri WA (1995). "Rapid diagnosis of Entamoeba infection by using Entamoeba and Entamoeba histolytica stool antigen detection kits". J Clin Microbiol. 33 (10): 2558–61. PMC 228528. PMID 8567882.
- ↑ Rosenblatt JE, Sloan LM, Bestrom JE (1995). "Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection in serum of antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica". Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 22 (3): 275–8. PMID 8565416.
- ↑ Abd-Alla MD, Jackson TG, Ravdin JI (1998). "Serum IgM antibody response to the galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin of Entameoba histolytica". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 59 (3): 431–4. PMID 9749639.
- ↑ Ravdin JI, Jackson TF, Petri WA, Murphy CF, Ungar BL, Gathiram V; et al. (1990). "Association of serum antibodies to adherence lectin with invasive amebiasis and asymptomatic infection with pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica". J Infect Dis. 162 (3): 768–72. PMID 2388003.
- ↑ Braga LL, Mendonca Y, Paiva CA, Sales A, Cavalcante AL, Mann BJ (1998). "Seropositivity for and intestinal colonization with Entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in individuals in northeastern Brazil". J Clin Microbiol. 36 (10): 3044–5. PMC 105108. PMID 9738064.
- ↑ Goncalves ML, da Silva VL, de Andrade CM, Reinhard K, da Rocha GC, Le Bailly M; et al. (2004). "Amoebiasis distribution in the past: first steps using an immunoassay technique". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 98 (2): 88–91. PMID 14964807.
- ↑ Grundy MS (1982). "Preliminary observations using a multi-layer ELISA method for the detection of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite antigens in stool samples". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 76 (3): 396–400. PMID 6287685.
- ↑ Shamsuzzaman SM, Haque R, Hasin SK, Hashiguchi Y (2000). "Evaluation of indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of hepatic amebiasis in Bangladesh". J Parasitol. 86 (3): 611–5. doi:10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0611:EOIFAT]2.0.CO;2. PMID 10864262.
- ↑ Haque R, Ali IK, Akther S, Petri WA (1998). "Comparison of PCR, isoenzyme analysis, and antigen detection for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection". J Clin Microbiol. 36 (2): 449–52. PMC 104557. PMID 9466756.
- ↑ Leiva B, Lebbad M, Winiecka-Krusnell J, Altamirano I, Tellez A, Linder E (2006). "Overdiagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in Nicaragua: a microscopic, triage parasite panel and PCR study". Arch Med Res. 37 (4): 529–34. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.10.009. PMID 16624654.
- ↑ Pillai DR, Kain KC (1999). "Immunochromatographic strip-based detection of Entamoeba histolytica-E. dispar and Giardia lamblia coproantigen". J Clin Microbiol. 37 (9): 3017–9. PMC 85440. PMID 10449494.
- ↑ Garcia LS, Shimizu RY, Bernard CN (2000). "Detection of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, and Cryptosporidium parvum antigens in human fecal specimens using the triage parasite panel enzyme immunoassay". J Clin Microbiol. 38 (9): 3337–40. PMC 87383. PMID 10970380.
- ↑ Sharp SE, Suarez CA, Duran Y, Poppiti RJ (2001). "Evaluation of the Triage Micro Parasite Panel for detection of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, and Cryptosporidium parvum in patient stool specimens". J Clin Microbiol. 39 (1): 332–4. doi:10.1128/JCM.39.1.332-334.2001. PMC 87724. PMID 11136793.
- ↑ Ramos F, Zurabian R, Morán P, Ramiro M, Gómez A, Clark CG; et al. (1999). "The effect of formalin fixation on the polymerase chain reaction characterization of Entamoeba histolytica". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 93 (3): 335–6. PMID 10492774.
- ↑ Troll H, Marti H, Weiss N (1997). "Simple differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in fresh stool specimens by sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin concentration and PCR". J Clin Microbiol. 35 (7): 1701–5. PMC 229825. PMID 9196177.
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/reference.html Accessed on February 10, 2017
- ↑ Verweij JJ, Blotkamp J, Brienen EA, Aguirre A, Polderman AM (2000). "Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar cysts using polymerase chain reaction on DNA isolated from faeces with spin columns". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 19 (5): 358–61. PMID 10898137.
- ↑ Verweij JJ, van Lieshout L, Blotkamp C, Brienen EA, van Duivenvoorden S, van Esbroeck M; et al. (2000). "Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar using PCR-SHELA and comparison of antibody response". Arch Med Res. 31 (4 Suppl): S44–6. PMID 11070218.
- ↑ Evangelopoulos A, Spanakos G, Patsoula E, Vakalis N, Legakis N (2000). "A nested, multiplex, PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in faeces". Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 94 (3): 233–40. PMID 10884867.
- ↑ Myjak P, Kur J, Pietkiewicz H (1997). "Usefulness of new DNA extraction procedure for PCR technique in species identification of Entamoeba isolates". Wiad Parazytol. 43 (2): 163–70. PMID 9374591.
- ↑ Wolk DM, Schneider SK, Wengenack NL, Sloan LM, Rosenblatt JE (2002). "Real-time PCR method for detection of Encephalitozoon intestinalis from stool specimens". J Clin Microbiol. 40 (11): 3922–8. PMC 139654. PMID 12409353.
- ↑ Calderaro A, Gorrini C, Bommezzadri S, Piccolo G, Dettori G, Chezzi C (2006). "Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar: comparison of two PCR assays for diagnosis in a non-endemic setting". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 100 (5): 450–7. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.07.015. PMID 16274714.
- ↑ Hamzah Z, Petmitr S, Mungthin M, Leelayoova S, Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr P (2006). "Differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii by a single-round PCR assay". J Clin Microbiol. 44 (9): 3196–200. doi:10.1128/JCM.00778-06. PMC 1594701. PMID 16954247.
- ↑ Haque R, Petri WA (2006). "Diagnosis of amebiasis in Bangladesh". Arch Med Res. 37 (2): 273–6. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.09.001. PMID 16380331.
- ↑ Zaki M, Meelu P, Sun W, Clark CG (2002). "Simultaneous differentiation and typing of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar". J Clin Microbiol. 40 (4): 1271–6. PMC 140395. PMID 11923344.