Cystitis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]
Overview
Patients with cystitis are usually well-appearing. Common physical examination findings of cystitis include fever and suprapubic tenderness.[1] A focused physical examination is helpful in confirming the suspicion of cystitis and in ruling out alternate pathology.
Physical Examination
The following features can be found during a physical examination of a patient with cystitis. The patient must be in supine position to facilitate a proper examination.[2]
General Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with cystitis are usually normal in appearance and not in distress[1]
Vital Signs
The following variations in Vital Signs can be seen in Cystitis.[3][4]
- Fever may be present
- Blood pressure-early finding of kidney involvement
Genitourinary
The following findings may be found on genitourinary examination of a patient with cystitis.[1][5][6].
- Suprapubic tenderness
- Urethral discharge(if the cause is urethritis)
- Inguinal Lymphadenopathy
- Examination of the scrotum and the pubic area must be done
Abdominal
The following findings can be found on abdominal examination of Cystitis.[1]
- Abdominal tenderness on palpation
Cardiovascular
Neurological
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Colgan R, Williams M (2011). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis". Am Fam Physician. 84 (7): 771–6. PMID 22010614.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781455748013.
- ↑ Chang SL, Shortliffe LD (2006). "Pediatric urinary tract infections". Pediatr Clin North Am. 53 (3): 379–400, vi. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2006.02.011. PMID 16716786.
- ↑ Azzarone G, Liewehr S, O'Connor K (2007). "Cystitis". Pediatr Rev. 28 (12): 474–6. doi:10.1542/pir.28-12-474. PMID 18055650.
- ↑ Brill JR (2010). "Diagnosis and treatment of urethritis in men". Am Fam Physician. 81 (7): 873–8. PMID 20353145.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781455748013.