Ehrlichiosis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.

Overview

Three strains of Ehrlichia (E. ewingii, E. chaffeensis, and E. Muris) are responsible for human infection. These resulting infections present themselves with very similar, if not the same, clinical manifestations. Endemic regions are different among the different diseases which may be used to diagnose the organism of infection.[1]

Classification

  • Ehrlichiosis is a broadly used medical term for multiple bacterial infections.
  • Three Ehrlichia species have been identified in Human infections:
  1. Ehrlichia Ewingii
  2. Ehrlichia Chaffeensis
  3. Ehrlichia Muris
  • Infections with the above organism have similar or the same clinical presentation.
  • Endemic Regions are different according to specific species.[1]
Organism Disease Vector Endemic Regions Common Symptoms
Ehrlichia ewingii Ehrlichiosis Lonestar Tick Southeastern and South Central United States Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, red eyes, and rash (60% of children and 30% of adults.
Ehrlichia chaffeensis Ehrlichiosis Lonestar Tick Southeastern and South Central United States Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, red eyes, and rash (60% of children and 30% of adults.
Ehrlichia muris Ehrlichiosis Not yet established Minnesota and Wisconsin Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, red eyes, and rash (60% of children and 30% of adults.

[1]

  • There are two types of Ehrlichia infections, human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis(HME) and human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis(HGA), previously referred to as human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HGE).
  • HME is primarily transmitted by the Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma Americanum).
  • HGA is caused by phagocytophilum.
  • Clinical presentation is similar between HME and HGA, with symptoms such as fever, headache, and leukopenia.
Organism Disease Vector Common Symptoms
Ehrlichia chaffeensis Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum) Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, red eyes, and rash (60% of children and 30% of adults.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis Black-legged Tick (Ixodes scapularis) Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, red eyes, and rash (60% of children and 30% of adults.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ehrlichiosis Symptoms. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/ehrlichiosis/symptoms/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015